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con quórum

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1 quórum

quórum

nm

quorum n

con quórum quorate

quórum de acreedores quorum of creditors

Spanish-English Business Glossary > quórum
2 con-clāmō

con-clāmō āvī, ātus, āre, to cry out together, shout, make acclaim: ad quorum casum gaudio, L.: ‘procul este,’ Conclamat vates, V.: a me conservatam esse rem p.: occasionem amittendam non esse, Cs.: ducendum ad sedes simulacrum, V.: quod Mithridates se velle dixit: laetum paeana, V: uti aliqui proderet, Cs.: conclamantibus omnibus, imperaret quod vellet, Cs.—In phrases, ad arma, to call to arms, signal for an attack: ut ad arma conclamaretur, L.: conclamatum ad arma est, L. — Vasa, to give the signal for packing up, i. e. for decamping (ellipt. for conclamare, ut vasa colligantur): iubet vasa militari more conclamari, Cs.: conclamatis vasis, Cs. — To call for help: socios, O.: duros agrestīs, V.—To call loudly, cry violently, shout, exclaim: Italiam, V.: quid ad se venirent, Cs.: conclamat virgo, cries out, O.—Of the dead, to call repeatedly by name, lament, bewail: suos, L. — Prov.: iam conclamatum est, all is lost, T.

Latin-English dictionary > con-clāmō
3 con-texō

con-texō xuī, xtus, ere, to weave, entwine, join, bind: (ovium) villis contextis: haec directā materiā iniecta contexebantur, Cs.: simulacra, quorum contexta viminibus membra, etc., Cs. — To compose, construct, put together: trabibus contextus acernis equus, V. — Fig., to devise: crimen.—To recount, recite: longius hoc carmen, quote further: aliquos tanto cursu, ut, etc., fast enough, Iu.

Latin-English dictionary > con-texō
4 conclamo

con-clāmo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a., to cry or call out together.
I.
(Con subject.) To call or cry out together or in a body (hence often joined with omnes, universi, pariter, omnes pariter, Liv. 34, 61, 8; Curt. 5, 13, 5; 8, 11, 22; 10, 17, 3), to shout, esp. in approbation or assent (class. in prose and poetry).
A.
In gen., with acc. and inf.:
cum vos universi, unā mente atque voce, iterum a me conservatam esse rem publicam conclamastis,
Cic. Phil. 6, 1, 2; Caes. B. G. 3, 18; id. B. C. 1, 7; Tac. A. 1, 8;
ducendum ad sedes simulacrum... conclamant,
Verg. A. 2, 233 al. —With acc.:
quod Mithridates se velle dixit, id sutores et zonarii conclamarunt,
Cic. Fl. 7, 17:
victoriam suo more,
Caes. B. G. 5, 37:
laetum paeana,
Verg. A. 10, 738 al. —With ut:
tum suo more conclamaverunt, uti, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 26 fin. —So with simple subj.:
conclamantibus omnibus, imperaret quod vellet,
Caes. B. C. 3, 6; cf.:
igitur, conclamant, duceret quo videretur,
Curt. 4, 1, 29.— Absol.:
conclamat vir paterque,
Liv. 1, 58, 12:
ad quorum casum, cum conclamasset gaudio exercitus,
id. 1, 25, 6; Tac. A. 3, 74.— Poet.:
planctu conclamat uterque Isthmos,
Stat. Th. 6, 13.—
B.
In partic.
1.
Conclamare ad arma, milit. t. t., to call to arms, to give the signal for an attack, Liv. 3, 50, 11; 7, 12, 3; 10, 32, 9; 41, 26, 2 al.—
2.
Conclamare vasa, to give the signal, before breaking up, for packing, i. e. to give the order for decamping (ellipt. for conclamare, ut vasa colligantur), Caes. B. C. 1, 66. In the same sense without vasa, id. ib. 1, 67, and id. ib. 3, 75.—
II.
To call together, to call to one's help (very rare):
socios,
Ov. M. 13, 73:
duros agrestes,
Verg. A. 7, 504. —
III.
(Con intens.) Of a single person, to call or cry out loudly or violently, to shout, exclaim (class.).
A.
In gen.:
ubi abit, conclamo: Heus quid agis tu, etc.?
Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 22; id. Men. 5, 9, 94:
Italiam primus conclamat Achates,
Verg. A. 3, 523:
hei mihi! conclamat,
Ov. M. 6, 227; 7, 843:
capta castra conclamavit,
Tac. H. 3, 29 fin.:
Ariovistus conclamavit, quid ad se venirent, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 47 fin.:
deos omnes,
to call upon, invoke, Sen. Oedip. 974:
saxa querelis,
to fill with cries, Mart. 9, 46, 5.— Absol.:
conclamat virgo,
cries out, Ov. M. 4, 691; 10, 385; Quint. 2, 2, 12 al.—
B.
Esp., with aliquem (mortuum), t. t. in the lang. of religion; of the dead, to call repeatedly by name, and lament him seven (acc. to others, eight) days, until his burial (cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 6, 218; Schol. Luc. 2, 23;
Dict. Antiq. p. 459, a.): ut ex maestis paulo ante domibus, quae conclamaverant suos, procurreretur in vias,
Liv. 4, 40, 3:
cum corpora nondum conclamata jacent,
Luc. 2, 23:
post conclamata imperatoris suprema,
i. e. after this cry, Amm. 30, 10, 1:
partem conclamare tori,
Stat. S. 2, 6, 5.—
b.
In gen., to bewail, complain; cf.:
videris immensis conclamata querelis Saxa,
Mart. 9, 45, 5.—
c.
Prov.:
jam conclamatum est,
it is all over, all is lost, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 57 Don.—Hence,
A.
conclāmans, ntis, P. a. (post-class.), noisy:
conclamantissimus fons,
Sid. Ep. 2, 2.—
B.
conclāmā-tus, a, um, P. a. (post-class.).
A.
Published abroad by crying out, i. e. known, celebrated:
conclamatissimus primipilaris,
Sid. Ep. 6, 1:
conclamatissimae declamationes,
id. ib. 8, 3.—
B.
(Acc. to III. B.) Lamentable, unfortunate:
res,
Serv. ad Verg. A. 2, 233:
frigus,
Macr. S. 7, 5, 26.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > conclamo
5 concludo

con-clūdo, si, sum, 3 ( part. perf. solecist. conclausa semina, Col. 3, 12, 2), v. a., to shut up closely, to close up, enclose, confine.
I.
Prop. (class. in prose and poetry), constr. with in and acc., with adv. and absol. (not with in and abl., for the true read., Cic. Univ. 3 fin., is inclusit):
in vincla bestiam nequissimam,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 1, 18; cf.:
bestias delectationis causā,
Cic. Fin. 5, 20, 56 Madv.:
eos concludit, magnam hominum multitudinem,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 54:
quia enim in caveā si forent Conclussi itidem ut pulli gallinacei,
Plaut. Curc. 3, 80:
conclusam hic habeo uxorem saevam,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 17:
aliquem in fenestram,
Plaut. Cas. 1, 44:
me in cellam cum illā,
Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 13; cf.:
in aediculam,
Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 21:
illum aliquo,
Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 25:
locum sulco,
Verg. A. 1, 425:
at tu conclusas hircinis follibus auras... imitare,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 19:
piscina conclusa porticibus,
Suet. Ner. 31:
Tigris et Euphrates Mesopotamiam ab utroque latere concludunt,
Curt. 5, 1, 15:
vulnera cerā,
Val. Fl. 1, 479:
venti procella conclusa,
Lucr. 6, 125:
concluso loco,
id. 4, 458:
primordia conclusa,
id. 3, 569:
suave locus voci resonat conclusus,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 76:
conclusa aqua (opp.: profluens amnis),
Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 20; cf.:
longe aliam esse navigationem concluso mari atque in vastissimo,
Caes. B. G. 3, 9:
coagmentis ad centrum respondentibus fornices concluduntur,
Vitr. 6, 8, 4:
statio conclusa atque munita,
Dig. 50, 16, 59.—
b.
Humorously:
non placet qui amicos intra dentis conclusos habet,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 64.—
II.
Trop.
A.
To include, compress, restrain, comprise:
omnia fere, quae sunt conclusa nunc artibus, dispersa et dissipata quondam fuerunt,
Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 187:
fortuna tot res, in unum conclusit diem,
Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 17:
ut ab illā excludar, huc concludar,
i. e. I shall be fettered by this marriage, id. And. 2, 3, 12 (ex ferarum translatione concludar dixit, Don.); id. Hec. 4, 4, 80:
concludere jus civile in parvum et angustum locum,
Cic. Leg. 1, 5, 17; id. de Or. 1, 61, 260; id. Caes. 22, 63:
uno hoc volumine vitam excellentium virorum complurium,
Nep. Epam. 4 fin.; cf.:
in hanc formulam omnia judicia,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 5, 15:
eidem et infinitam largitionem remittebas et eundem in angustissimam formulam sponsionis concludebas?
id. ib. 4, 12:
istum locum in unam speciem,
Quint. 6, 2, 1.—
B.
(Cf. claudo, I. B.) To end, close, conclude:
facinus natum a cupiditate, auctum per stuprum, crudelitate perfectum atque conclusum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 82:
(ancipites variique casus) exitu notabili concluduntur,
id. Fam. 5, 12, 5:
provincia in quā laus equitatis, integritatis, facilitatis ad extremum ludorum voluptate concluditur,
id. Mur. 20, 41:
vitam,
Aug. Serm. 322.—Esp., of letters, speech, the written or spoken treatment of any subject, etc.:
epistulam,
Cic. Att. 9, 10, 5:
crimen decumanum,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 163:
ad illa redeamus eaque ipsa concludamus aliquando,
id. Lael. 26, 109:
perorationem,
id. Or. 35, 122.—
C.
In rhet., of discourse, to close rhythmically, to round off:
verborum ordinem alias aliā terminatione,
Cic. Or. 59, 200:
sententias,
id. ib. 69, 230; cf. id. Brut. 8, 34: concludam si potero Latine;
Graecum enim hunc versum nostis omnes,
id. Fin. 2, 32, 105:
sensum non expleto numero,
Quint. 9, 4, 122; cf. id. 9, 4, 123 and 125:
verbum acuto tenore (just before: acuto sono finiant),
id. 1, 5, 26:
versum,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 40.—
D.
In philos. t. t., to conclude, infer, make an inference, to argue, demonstrate; with acc.:
singulas argumentationes,
Cic. Or. 35, 122; cf.
argumentum,
id. Ac. 2, 14, 44; Quint. 5, 13, 60:
argumentum ratione,
Cic. Or. 40, 137:
quomodo efficiatur concludaturque ratio,
id. Fin. 1, 7, 22: id quod concludere illi velint, non effici ex propositis, nec esse consequens, id. de Or. 2, 53, 215:
ex rebus concessis concludi quod velis,
id. Fin. 2, 1, 3.—With acc. and inf.:
deinde concludebas, summum malum esse dolorem, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 63; cf. id. Ac. 2, 26, 83.— Absol.:
concludere hoc modo: si sunt di, etc.,
Cic. Div. 2, 49, 101:
ea sumunt ad concludendum, quorum iis nihil conceditur,
id. ib. 2, 49, 103; Quint. 3, 9, 2; 5, 10, 3; 10, 1, 106; 12, 2, 25.—Hence, P. a.: con-clūsus, a, um, confined, closed, in comp.:
locus conclusior,
Hyg. Astr. 4, 14.— Subst.: conclūsum, i, n. (acc. to II. D.), a conclusion in a syllogism, Cic. Fin. 3, 8, 27.— Advv.
1.
conclūdenter, by consequence, consequently, Boëth. Arist. Elench. Soph. 1, 10, p. 744.—
* 2.
conclūsē (acc. to II. C.), with periods rhetorically rounded, harmoniously:
concluse apteque dicere,
Cic. Or. 53, 177.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > concludo
6 concluse

con-clūdo, si, sum, 3 ( part. perf. solecist. conclausa semina, Col. 3, 12, 2), v. a., to shut up closely, to close up, enclose, confine.
I.
Prop. (class. in prose and poetry), constr. with in and acc., with adv. and absol. (not with in and abl., for the true read., Cic. Univ. 3 fin., is inclusit):
in vincla bestiam nequissimam,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 1, 18; cf.:
bestias delectationis causā,
Cic. Fin. 5, 20, 56 Madv.:
eos concludit, magnam hominum multitudinem,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 54:
quia enim in caveā si forent Conclussi itidem ut pulli gallinacei,
Plaut. Curc. 3, 80:
conclusam hic habeo uxorem saevam,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 17:
aliquem in fenestram,
Plaut. Cas. 1, 44:
me in cellam cum illā,
Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 13; cf.:
in aediculam,
Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 21:
illum aliquo,
Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 25:
locum sulco,
Verg. A. 1, 425:
at tu conclusas hircinis follibus auras... imitare,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 19:
piscina conclusa porticibus,
Suet. Ner. 31:
Tigris et Euphrates Mesopotamiam ab utroque latere concludunt,
Curt. 5, 1, 15:
vulnera cerā,
Val. Fl. 1, 479:
venti procella conclusa,
Lucr. 6, 125:
concluso loco,
id. 4, 458:
primordia conclusa,
id. 3, 569:
suave locus voci resonat conclusus,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 76:
conclusa aqua (opp.: profluens amnis),
Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 20; cf.:
longe aliam esse navigationem concluso mari atque in vastissimo,
Caes. B. G. 3, 9:
coagmentis ad centrum respondentibus fornices concluduntur,
Vitr. 6, 8, 4:
statio conclusa atque munita,
Dig. 50, 16, 59.—
b.
Humorously:
non placet qui amicos intra dentis conclusos habet,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 64.—
II.
Trop.
A.
To include, compress, restrain, comprise:
omnia fere, quae sunt conclusa nunc artibus, dispersa et dissipata quondam fuerunt,
Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 187:
fortuna tot res, in unum conclusit diem,
Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 17:
ut ab illā excludar, huc concludar,
i. e. I shall be fettered by this marriage, id. And. 2, 3, 12 (ex ferarum translatione concludar dixit, Don.); id. Hec. 4, 4, 80:
concludere jus civile in parvum et angustum locum,
Cic. Leg. 1, 5, 17; id. de Or. 1, 61, 260; id. Caes. 22, 63:
uno hoc volumine vitam excellentium virorum complurium,
Nep. Epam. 4 fin.; cf.:
in hanc formulam omnia judicia,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 5, 15:
eidem et infinitam largitionem remittebas et eundem in angustissimam formulam sponsionis concludebas?
id. ib. 4, 12:
istum locum in unam speciem,
Quint. 6, 2, 1.—
B.
(Cf. claudo, I. B.) To end, close, conclude:
facinus natum a cupiditate, auctum per stuprum, crudelitate perfectum atque conclusum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 82:
(ancipites variique casus) exitu notabili concluduntur,
id. Fam. 5, 12, 5:
provincia in quā laus equitatis, integritatis, facilitatis ad extremum ludorum voluptate concluditur,
id. Mur. 20, 41:
vitam,
Aug. Serm. 322.—Esp., of letters, speech, the written or spoken treatment of any subject, etc.:
epistulam,
Cic. Att. 9, 10, 5:
crimen decumanum,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 163:
ad illa redeamus eaque ipsa concludamus aliquando,
id. Lael. 26, 109:
perorationem,
id. Or. 35, 122.—
C.
In rhet., of discourse, to close rhythmically, to round off:
verborum ordinem alias aliā terminatione,
Cic. Or. 59, 200:
sententias,
id. ib. 69, 230; cf. id. Brut. 8, 34: concludam si potero Latine;
Graecum enim hunc versum nostis omnes,
id. Fin. 2, 32, 105:
sensum non expleto numero,
Quint. 9, 4, 122; cf. id. 9, 4, 123 and 125:
verbum acuto tenore (just before: acuto sono finiant),
id. 1, 5, 26:
versum,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 40.—
D.
In philos. t. t., to conclude, infer, make an inference, to argue, demonstrate; with acc.:
singulas argumentationes,
Cic. Or. 35, 122; cf.
argumentum,
id. Ac. 2, 14, 44; Quint. 5, 13, 60:
argumentum ratione,
Cic. Or. 40, 137:
quomodo efficiatur concludaturque ratio,
id. Fin. 1, 7, 22: id quod concludere illi velint, non effici ex propositis, nec esse consequens, id. de Or. 2, 53, 215:
ex rebus concessis concludi quod velis,
id. Fin. 2, 1, 3.—With acc. and inf.:
deinde concludebas, summum malum esse dolorem, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 63; cf. id. Ac. 2, 26, 83.— Absol.:
concludere hoc modo: si sunt di, etc.,
Cic. Div. 2, 49, 101:
ea sumunt ad concludendum, quorum iis nihil conceditur,
id. ib. 2, 49, 103; Quint. 3, 9, 2; 5, 10, 3; 10, 1, 106; 12, 2, 25.—Hence, P. a.: con-clūsus, a, um, confined, closed, in comp.:
locus conclusior,
Hyg. Astr. 4, 14.— Subst.: conclūsum, i, n. (acc. to II. D.), a conclusion in a syllogism, Cic. Fin. 3, 8, 27.— Advv.
1.
conclūdenter, by consequence, consequently, Boëth. Arist. Elench. Soph. 1, 10, p. 744.—
* 2.
conclūsē (acc. to II. C.), with periods rhetorically rounded, harmoniously:
concluse apteque dicere,
Cic. Or. 53, 177.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > concluse
7 conclusum

con-clūdo, si, sum, 3 ( part. perf. solecist. conclausa semina, Col. 3, 12, 2), v. a., to shut up closely, to close up, enclose, confine.
I.
Prop. (class. in prose and poetry), constr. with in and acc., with adv. and absol. (not with in and abl., for the true read., Cic. Univ. 3 fin., is inclusit):
in vincla bestiam nequissimam,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 1, 18; cf.:
bestias delectationis causā,
Cic. Fin. 5, 20, 56 Madv.:
eos concludit, magnam hominum multitudinem,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 54:
quia enim in caveā si forent Conclussi itidem ut pulli gallinacei,
Plaut. Curc. 3, 80:
conclusam hic habeo uxorem saevam,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 17:
aliquem in fenestram,
Plaut. Cas. 1, 44:
me in cellam cum illā,
Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 13; cf.:
in aediculam,
Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 21:
illum aliquo,
Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 25:
locum sulco,
Verg. A. 1, 425:
at tu conclusas hircinis follibus auras... imitare,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 19:
piscina conclusa porticibus,
Suet. Ner. 31:
Tigris et Euphrates Mesopotamiam ab utroque latere concludunt,
Curt. 5, 1, 15:
vulnera cerā,
Val. Fl. 1, 479:
venti procella conclusa,
Lucr. 6, 125:
concluso loco,
id. 4, 458:
primordia conclusa,
id. 3, 569:
suave locus voci resonat conclusus,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 76:
conclusa aqua (opp.: profluens amnis),
Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 20; cf.:
longe aliam esse navigationem concluso mari atque in vastissimo,
Caes. B. G. 3, 9:
coagmentis ad centrum respondentibus fornices concluduntur,
Vitr. 6, 8, 4:
statio conclusa atque munita,
Dig. 50, 16, 59.—
b.
Humorously:
non placet qui amicos intra dentis conclusos habet,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 64.—
II.
Trop.
A.
To include, compress, restrain, comprise:
omnia fere, quae sunt conclusa nunc artibus, dispersa et dissipata quondam fuerunt,
Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 187:
fortuna tot res, in unum conclusit diem,
Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 17:
ut ab illā excludar, huc concludar,
i. e. I shall be fettered by this marriage, id. And. 2, 3, 12 (ex ferarum translatione concludar dixit, Don.); id. Hec. 4, 4, 80:
concludere jus civile in parvum et angustum locum,
Cic. Leg. 1, 5, 17; id. de Or. 1, 61, 260; id. Caes. 22, 63:
uno hoc volumine vitam excellentium virorum complurium,
Nep. Epam. 4 fin.; cf.:
in hanc formulam omnia judicia,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 5, 15:
eidem et infinitam largitionem remittebas et eundem in angustissimam formulam sponsionis concludebas?
id. ib. 4, 12:
istum locum in unam speciem,
Quint. 6, 2, 1.—
B.
(Cf. claudo, I. B.) To end, close, conclude:
facinus natum a cupiditate, auctum per stuprum, crudelitate perfectum atque conclusum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 82:
(ancipites variique casus) exitu notabili concluduntur,
id. Fam. 5, 12, 5:
provincia in quā laus equitatis, integritatis, facilitatis ad extremum ludorum voluptate concluditur,
id. Mur. 20, 41:
vitam,
Aug. Serm. 322.—Esp., of letters, speech, the written or spoken treatment of any subject, etc.:
epistulam,
Cic. Att. 9, 10, 5:
crimen decumanum,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 163:
ad illa redeamus eaque ipsa concludamus aliquando,
id. Lael. 26, 109:
perorationem,
id. Or. 35, 122.—
C.
In rhet., of discourse, to close rhythmically, to round off:
verborum ordinem alias aliā terminatione,
Cic. Or. 59, 200:
sententias,
id. ib. 69, 230; cf. id. Brut. 8, 34: concludam si potero Latine;
Graecum enim hunc versum nostis omnes,
id. Fin. 2, 32, 105:
sensum non expleto numero,
Quint. 9, 4, 122; cf. id. 9, 4, 123 and 125:
verbum acuto tenore (just before: acuto sono finiant),
id. 1, 5, 26:
versum,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 40.—
D.
In philos. t. t., to conclude, infer, make an inference, to argue, demonstrate; with acc.:
singulas argumentationes,
Cic. Or. 35, 122; cf.
argumentum,
id. Ac. 2, 14, 44; Quint. 5, 13, 60:
argumentum ratione,
Cic. Or. 40, 137:
quomodo efficiatur concludaturque ratio,
id. Fin. 1, 7, 22: id quod concludere illi velint, non effici ex propositis, nec esse consequens, id. de Or. 2, 53, 215:
ex rebus concessis concludi quod velis,
id. Fin. 2, 1, 3.—With acc. and inf.:
deinde concludebas, summum malum esse dolorem, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 63; cf. id. Ac. 2, 26, 83.— Absol.:
concludere hoc modo: si sunt di, etc.,
Cic. Div. 2, 49, 101:
ea sumunt ad concludendum, quorum iis nihil conceditur,
id. ib. 2, 49, 103; Quint. 3, 9, 2; 5, 10, 3; 10, 1, 106; 12, 2, 25.—Hence, P. a.: con-clūsus, a, um, confined, closed, in comp.:
locus conclusior,
Hyg. Astr. 4, 14.— Subst.: conclūsum, i, n. (acc. to II. D.), a conclusion in a syllogism, Cic. Fin. 3, 8, 27.— Advv.
1.
conclūdenter, by consequence, consequently, Boëth. Arist. Elench. Soph. 1, 10, p. 744.—
* 2.
conclūsē (acc. to II. C.), with periods rhetorically rounded, harmoniously:
concluse apteque dicere,
Cic. Or. 53, 177.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > conclusum
8 concallesco

con-callesco, callui, 3, v. inch. [calleo]; lit., to become hard or callous; hence, trop., *
I.
Of the intellect, to become shrewd, practised (cf. calleo, I.):
callidos eos appello, quorum, tamquam manus opere, sic animus usu concalluit,
Cic. N. D. 3, 10, 25.—
* II.
Of the feelings, to become insensible, obtuse: locus ille animi nostri, stomachus ubi habitabat olim, concalluit, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 10.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > concallesco
9 concutio

con-cŭtĭo, cussi, cussum, 3, v. a. [quatio, as cur = quāre].
I.
To strike one upon another, to strike together (rare): utrum cavae manus concutiantur, an planae, Sen. Q. N. 2, 28, 1:
concussā manu dare signa,
Ov. M. 11, 465:
frameas,
Tac. G. 11.—
II.
To shake violently, to shake, agitate (freq. and class. in prose and poetry).
A.
Lit. (mostly poet.): concutit ungula terram, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 419 Vahl.): tonitru concussa aequora caeli, Att. ap. Non. p. 505, 8 (Trag. Rel. v. 224 Rib.); cf.:
templa caeli summa sonitu (in a parodying of pathos),
Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 42; cf.:
serena caeli sonitu,
Lucr. 2, 1101; 6, 358:
grandi tonitru concussa repente Terra,
id. 5, 551; cf. id. 6, 544:
terra ingenti motu concussa est,
Liv. 3, 10, 6; Ov. M. 8, 781:
concussae cadunt urbes,
Lucr. 5, 1236: concusso terrae motu theatro, * Suet. Ner. 20:
moenia,
Ov. M. 13, 175:
freta,
id. ib. 6, 691;
7, 201: undas,
id. ib. 8, 605:
artus,
Lucr. 5, 1076; 6, 595; cf. id. 2, 949:
corpora risu,
id. 1, 918; 2, 976; cf. Juv. 3, 101; Quint. 6, 3, 9:
caput,
Ov. M. 2, 50:
caesariem,
id. ib. 1, 179; cf.
comam,
id. F. 2, 846:
tempora,
id. M. 13, 644:
manum,
id. ib. 11, 465:
pectus,
id. ib. 2, 755:
arma manu,
to hurl, id. ib. 1, 143; 7, 130; cf.:
tela lacertis,
id. ib. 12, 79:
te certo arcu,
to hit surely, Prop. 1, 7, 15:
inmissis aurigae undantia lora Concussere jugis,
Verg. A. 5, 147:
in calicibus concussis,
Plin. 35, 16, 55, § 193 Sillig N. cr.:
munimenta arietibus admotis,
Curt. 8, 2, 22:
aures Caesaris concutit fragor,
Luc. 6, 163:
corpus concutit gestatio,
Sen. Ep. 15, 6:
pectora planctu,
Stat. S. 5, 1, 179.— Pass.:
quorum (ignium) ictu concuti aera verum est,
Plin. 2, 43, 43, § 112:
corpus concutitur gestatione,
Cels. 3, 21:
majore cachinno Concutitur,
Juv. 3, 100:
concutitur sanguis,
Lucr. 3, 249.—Esp. in part. perf.:
mugitibus aether,
Verg. G. 3, 151:
risu tremulo (ora),
Lucr. 1, 919; 2, 976:
rates,
shattered, Ov. P. 2, 3, 59:
coma,
id. F. 2, 846:
corpus vulnere,
Stat. S. 3, 4, 70:
fores,
Ov. Am. 1, 6, 50:
ilex,
Verg. G. 4, 81:
quercus,
id. ib. 1, 159:
materies per artus,
Lucr. 2, 949:
Lyrnesia moenia dextrā,
Ov. M. 13, 175:
mons,
Prop. 3, 13 (4, 12), 53:
paries,
Dig. 39, 2, 18, § 11:
remo concusso tollere ratem,
Val. Fl. 1, 340.— With Gr. acc.:
pectus concussa crebris verberibus,
Luc. 2, 335.—
2.
Se, to examine by shaking one's self; the figure taken from the searching of a thief, etc., by shaking his garments; hence, trop. equiv. to search, examine (cf. excutio):
te ipsum Concute, num qua tibi vitiorum inseverit olim Natura,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 35 Orell. ad loc. and cf. B. 3. infra.—
B.
Trop.
1.
To shake the power of, shake to its foundation, to shatter, cause to waver, to impair, disturb, distract:
rem publicam,
Cic. Phil. 2, 42, 109; Plin. Pan. 6, 3:
provincias magnis momentis,
Vell. 2, 78:
regnum,
Liv. 33, 19, 1:
orbem,
Tac. H. 1, 16:
opes Lacedaemoniorum,
Nep. Epam. 6, 4:
provincias magnis molimentis,
Vell. 2, 78, 1:
concusso jam et paene fracto Hannibale,
Liv. 28, 44, 11:
domum,
Tac. H. 3, 45:
concussā Transrhenanorum fide,
id. ib. 5, 25:
nondum concusso senatusconsulto,
id. A. 14, 43:
imperium Persarum,
Curt. 4, 14, 20; cf. Plin. Ep. 10, 114 (115), 3:
concussa fides,
Luc. 1, 182.—
2.
To shake in feeling, to agitate violently.
a.
Usually, to put in fear, terror, or anxiety, to terrify, alarm, trouble:
terrorem metum concutientem definiunt,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 8, 19:
consules declarantur M. Tullius et C. Antonius, quod factum primo populares conjurationis concusserat,
Sall. C. 24, 1:
populum Romanum terrore Numantini belli,
Vell. 2, 90, 3; Quint. 4, 2, 37:
urbem,
Verg. A. 4, 666:
totam Asiam,
Curt. 4, 1, 20:
ingens barbaros pavor concusserat,
id. 8, 2, 24:
casu concussus acerbo,
Verg. A. 5, 700; Tac. H. 2, 99 fin.:
extemplo turbati animi concussaque vulgi Pectora,
Verg. A. 11, 451. — Poet. in a Greek constr.:
casu animum concussus amici,
Verg. A. 5, 869:
hoc concussa metu mentem Juturna virago,
id. ib. 12, 468; so Hor. S. 2, 3, 295.—
(β).
In the jurists: aliquem, to terrify one by threats, etc., in order to extort money from him, Dig. 1, 18, 6, § 3; Paul. Sent. 5, 25, 12; Cod. Th. 9, 27, 6; cf. concussio, II., concussor, and concussura.—
b.
In gen., of any excitement of the passions: magnum et summum est deoque vicinum, non concuti. Hanc stabilem animi sedem Graeci euthumian vocant... ego tranquillitatem voco, Sen. Tranq. 2, 3:
hoc agite: Poenas petite violatae Stygis: Concutite pectus,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 105.—
3.
To urge, excite, rouse to activity, = excitare, commovere (rare and not ante-Aug.):
fecundum concute pectus,
Verg. A. 7, 338:
tu concute plebem,
Petr. Poet. 124, 288:
se concussere ambae,
Juv. 10, 328:
non leviter se Numidia concussit,
Flor. 3, 1, 2.—Hence, * concussus, a, um, P. a., stirred up, restless:
Pallas aliquanto concussior,
Mart. Cap. 4, § 332.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > concutio
10 condolesco

con-dŏlesco, lŭi, 3, v. inch. n. [doleo], to feel severe pain, to suffer much, to be in pain or distress, to ache.
I.
Prop. (rare, but class. in prose and poetry; most freq. in temp. perf.):
mihi de vento miserae condoluit caput,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 8, 2; so in perf.:
latus ei dicenti,
Cic. de Or. 3, 2, 6:
pes, dens,
id. Tusc. 2, 22, 52:
homines, quorum alter ne condoluisse quidem umquam videtur,
id. ib. 1, 18, 41: tentatum frigore corpus, * Hor. S. 1, 1, 80:
admonitu matris,
Ov. Tr. 5, 3, 32:
naturā (hominem) condolescere dicerent,
Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 38:
ad suspitionem tactūs condolescunt (ulcera),
Sen. Ira, 3, 9, 5.—
* II.
To suffer or sympathize with: anima corpori laeso... condolescit Tert. Anim. 5.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > condolesco
11 confirmo

con-firmo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to make firm, establish, strengthen, confirm (class., esp. in prose).
I.
In gen. (prop. and trop.):
stipites confirmare et stabilire,
Caes. B. G. 7, 73:
ali hōc vires nervosque confirmari putant,
id. ib. 6, 21:
dentis mobilis,
Plin. 28, 11, 49, § 178; cf. Scrib. Comp. 57; 59 sq.:
confirmare et densare defluentem capillum,
Plin. 25, 11, 83, § 132:
crus debile,
Suet. Vesp. 7; cf. id. Aug. 80:
maxime religando confirmant parietum soliditatem,
Vitr. 2, 8, 7:
castellum magnis munitionibus multisque tormentis, Auct. B. Alex. 21, 5: intestina,
i. e. to heal, cure, Cels. 4, 19:
cicatriculam,
id. 2, 10 fin.: se, to recover physically, to grow well (corresp. with convalescere), Cic. Fam. 16, 1, 2; 16, 3, 1; 16, 4, 4; 16, 1, 1.— Transf., of the vine, Col. 4, 3, 4:
valetudinem,
Cic. Att. 10, 17, 2:
pacem et amicitiam cum proximis civitatibus,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3; cf.:
confirmare societatem datā ac acceptā fide,
Sall. C. 44, 3:
opes factionis,
id. ib. 32, 2; cf.:
viris suas,
Vell. 2, 44, 2:
suam manum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 24:
se transmarinis auxiliis,
Caes. B. C. 1, 29:
conjurationem,
Nep. Dion, 8, 3:
regnum Persarum,
id. Milt. 3, 5; so,
regnum,
Suet. Caes. 9:
imperium,
id. Vit. 9:
decreta,
to confirm, Nep. Phoc. 3, 2:
acta Caesaris,
Cic. Att. 16, 16, C, 12:
acta alicujus in transmarinis provinciis,
Vell. 2, 44, 2:
beneficia edicto,
Suet. Tit. 8:
provinciam a Caesare datam,
id. Aug. 10.—
II.
Esp.
A.
To confirm or strengthen courage, to instil courage into one, to encourage, inspirit, animate, embolden:
animum meum,
to take heart, take courage, Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 1:
animum sapientissimi hominis,
Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 2; id. Quint. 24, 77:
maximi animi hominem,
id. ib. 4, 8, 1:
animos ratione,
Lucr. 1, 426:
confirmare et excitare afflictos animos bonorum,
Cic. Att. 1, 16, 8:
animos Gallorum verbis,
Caes. B. G. 1, 33; Sall. C. 46, 3:
vacillantium gentium animos,
Vell. 2, 120, 1:
suos ad dimicandum animo,
Caes. B. G. 5, 49:
milites,
id. ib. 5, 52:
timentes,
id. ib. 7, 7; cf.:
diffidentem rebus suis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23:
territos,
Sall. J. 38, 5:
perterritos,
Suet. Caes. 66; id. Aug. 43:
Massilienses obsidione laborantes adventu suo,
id. Ner. 2:
animum suum ad virtutem,
Auct. Her. 4, 22, 31 Klotz (al. conformavit):
nepotem suum ad successionem imperii,
Suet. Tib. 55 fin.:
nunc erige te et confirma,
take courage, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 5:
cum ipse te confirmasses,
hast acquired courage, id. Quint. 11, 39; cf.:
confirmant ipsi se,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 36, § 95; Caes. B. G. 2, 19; id. B. C. 1, 14 al.:
eos multa pollicendo confirmat, uti Romam pergerent,
Sall. J. 23, 2:
alius alium confirmare, ne nomina darent,
Liv. 2, 24, 2.— Aliquem alicui rei: gladiatores Lentulus libertati confirmat, encourages them to freedom, i. e. incites them to make themselves worthy of freedom, Caes. B. C. 1, 14, 4 dub. (Dinter and Kraner:
spe libertatis).—With abstr. objects: reliqui temporis spem,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 22, 71:
spem alicujus,
Suet. Calig. 12:
suspitionem,
id. Tib. 52; cf.:
sensus rectus et confirmatus,
Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 2.—
B.
To confirm one in his disposition or feelings, in his fidelity (rare):
insulas bene animatas,
Nep. Cim. 2, 4:
homines,
Caes. B. C. 1, 15:
Gallias,
Vell. 2, 120.—
C.
To confirm, give full assurance of, a fact, corroborate an assertion, settle, fix, establish, to prove, demonstrate the truth of a thing, etc. (very freq.):
confirmare nostra argumentis ac rationibus, deinde contraria refutare,
Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 80;
so opp. refutare,
Quint. 5, prooem. § 2; 5, 13, 53; cf.
opp. refellere,
id. 3, 9, 6; 12, 1, 45;
opp. diluere,
id. 9, 2, 80:
confirmare aut infirmare rem,
Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 49:
divinationem,
id. Div. 1, 32, 71; cf. id. ib. 2, 32, 78:
quorum omnium testimoniis de hac Dionis pecuniā confirmatum est,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 23:
crimen commenticium,
id. Rosc. Am. 15, 42:
haec istius vituperatio atque infamia confirmabatur eorum sermone, qui, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 38, § 101:
perjurium,
id. ib. 2, 4, 9, §
19: iste locus est tibi etiam atque etiam confirmandus,
id. Fin. 5, 32, 95:
his rebus confirmatis,
Caes. B. G. 6, 6 Kraner ad loc. —With acc. and inf., Lucr. 2, 185; cf. id. 2, [p. 415] 179; 5, 198.— Pass. impers., with ne:
sanctissimo jurejurando confirmari oportere, ne tecto recipiatur, qui non, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 7, 66 fin.:
hoc idem visum esse ex superioribus castellis confirmaverunt,
id. B. C. 3, 67; cf.:
hoc ex ipsis caeli rationibus ausim Confirmare, nequaquam esse creatam, etc.,
Lucr. 2, 179.—Hence,
2.
To assert, affirm, protest something as true or certain; constr. with acc., acc. and inf., or de:
hoc cum mihi non modo confirmasset, sed etiam persuasisset,
Cic. Att. 16, 5, 2:
talem exsistere eloquentiam non potuisse confirmo,
id. de Or. 2, 2, 6.—So with acc. and inf., Cic. Verr. 1, 17, 50; cf.:
illud se polliceri et jurejurando confirmare, tutum iter per fines suos daturum,
Caes. B. G. 5, 27:
confirmare, fidem publicam per sese inviolatam fore,
Sall. J. 33, 3:
memini me audire te de glorioso et celeri reditu meo confirmare,
Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 2.—So with de, Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 1; id. Arch. 7, 15.—Hence, confirmātus, a, um, P. a.
A.
(In acc. with II. A.) Encouraged, courageous, resolute:
animus certus et confirmatus,
Cic. Quint. 24, 77; so,
sensus rectus et confirmatus,
id. Fam. 1, 8, 2:
confirmatiorem exercitum efficere,
Caes. B. C. 3, 84.—
B.
(Acc. to II. C.) Asserted, affirmed:
in quibus (litteris) erat confirmatius idem illud, etc.,
Cic. Att. 10, 15, 1.—
C.
(Proved; hence,) Certain, credible:
quod eo confirmatius erit, si, etc.,
Cic. Inv. 2, 11, 35: fides confirmatissima, most fixed, Porph. ad Hor. S. 1, 5, 27.—

* Adv.: confirmātē (in acc. with I.), firmly, Auct. Her. 4, 11, 16.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > confirmo
12 conscius

con-scĭus, a, um, adj. [scio], that knows something in company with others or by himself, knowing with others or self-knowing (freq. in all periods and species of composition).
I.
Knowing or conscious of something with another, privy to; and subst., a (male or female) participant in a thing, an accessory, accomplice, confidant, etc.; constr. with the gen., dat., in, and de aliquā re, an obj.- or rel.-clause, or absol. (cf. Rudd. II. p. 71).
(α).
With gen. with or without dat. pers. (cf. b infra):
qui tam audacis facinoris mi conscius,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 4; cf.:
alius alii tanti facinoris conscii,
Sall. C. 22, 2:
si conscius Dymno tanti sceleris fuissem,
Curt. 6, 10, 20; and:
nondum tot flagitiorum exercitui meo conscius,
Tac. A. 1, 43:
T. Pomponius, homo omnium meorum in te studiorum et officiorum maxime conscius,
Cic. Fam. 5, 5, 1; so,
maleficii,
id. Clu. 22, 59:
conjurationis,
Sall. C. 37, 1:
ante actae vitae,
Liv. 9, 26, 14:
infirmitatis nostrae,
Quint. 10, 3, 19:
interficiendi Postumi Agrippae,
Tac. A. 3, 30; cf.:
Caesarianae necis,
Suet. Ner. 3;
and necis (opp. auctor),
id. ib. 33:
peccati erilis,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 60:
adjutores quosdam, conscios sui ( = sui consilii) nactus,
Caes. B. C. 3, 108, 2.— Poet.:
arva versi regis,
Ov. M. 7, 385; cf.:
quorum nox conscia sola est,
id. ib. 13, 15:
fati sidera,
Verg. A. 4, 519:
mentis,
Ov. H. 17, 265 al. —
(β).
With dat.:
huic facinori tanto tua mens liberalis conscia esse non debuit,
Cic. Cael. 21, 52:
temeritati et mendacio meo,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 56, § 124 (quoted in Arus. Mess. p. 220 Lind.):
Fabricium quem... conscium illi facinori fuisse arbitrabatur,
Cic. Clu. 20, 56 al.:
verbis,
Tib. 1, 9, 41:
coeptis,
Ov. M. 7, 194.— Poet.:
sacris nox,
Ov. M. 6, 588 Heins.:
deliciis meis antra,
id. H. 15, 138:
conubiis aether,
Verg. A. 4, 168 Wagn. N. cr.:
gens nascenti conscia Nilo,
Luc. 1, 20.—
(γ).
With in:
mihi in privatis omnibus conscius,
Cic. Att. 1, 18, 1; so,
conscius vestris in lacrimis adfueram,
Prop. 1, 10, 2.—
* (δ).
With de:
addit ad extremum, se audisse a Curione his de rebus conscium esse Pisonem,
Cic. Att. 2, 24, 3; cf. conscientia, II. A. b.—
(ε).
With rel.-clause:
multis consciis quae gereretur,
Nep. Dion, 8, 4.—
(ζ).
Absol.:
nec mihi conscius est ullus homo,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 21; id. Truc. 1, 1, 40; cf.:
fac me consciam,
id. Cist. 2, 3, 46; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 69; Cic. Att. 2, 24, 1; cf. Nep. Milt. 3, 6; Quint. 5, 7, 37; Tac. A. 1, 5; Hor. C. 3, 6, 29.— Poet.:
cetera nox et nos et turris conscia novit,
Ov. H. 18, 105:
silva,
id. M. 2, 438:
rubor,
Cat. 65, 24 al. —Hence, subst.: conscĭus, i, m., of those who are participants in a crime, conspiracy, etc., a partaker, jointconspirator, accessory, accomplice, confidant, etc., Nep. Dion, 9, 1; Quint. 4, 2, 48; 9, 2, 81 sq.; Suet. Dom. 10:
consciorum nomina exponere,
Curt. 8, 6, 24:
Othonis,
Tac. H. 1, 39 al.:
se (sacerdotes Germanorum) ministros deorum, illos (equos) conscios putant (sc. deorum),
id. G. 10.—
II.
With sibi, knowing something in one's self, conscious of.
A.
In gen., in a good and bad sense.
(α).
With gen.:
qui (sc. populus Romanus) si alicujus injuriae sibi conscius fuisset, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 14; so,
sibi nullius culpae,
Cic. Off. 3, 18, 73:
mihi dissimulati in ullā parte judicii,
Quint. 3, 6, 64:
sibi irae et iracundiae,
Suet. Claud. 38:
sermonis adversus majestatem tuam habiti nullius conscii sumus nobis,
Curt. 7, 1, 21:
mens sibi recti,
Verg. A. 1, 604; cf.
without sibi,
Ov. F. 4, 311:
admissae nequitiae,
Prop. 1, 15, 38:
audacis facti (lupus),
Verg. A. 11, 812.—
(β).
With dat.:
sibi factis mens,
Lucr. 3, 1018.—
(γ).
With in:
nuila sibi turpi in re,
Lucr. 6, 393.—
(δ).
With acc. and inf. as object, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 50: etsi mihi sum conscius, numquam [p. 427] me nimis cupidum fuisse vitae, Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 10; Quint. 12, 11, 8.—
(ε).
With rel. - or subj.-clause:
cum sibi conscius esset, quam inimicum deberet Caesarem habere,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 44 fin. —With adv.:
mulieres male sibi consciae,
Just. 2, 5, 7.— Absol.:
ego pol, quae mihi sum conscia, hoc certo scio, etc.,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 119:
conscia mens ut cuique sua est, etc.,
Ov. F. 1, 485.— Poet.:
virtus,
Verg. A. 12, 668.— Constrr. analogous to the Greek: conscius sum mihi benefacienti and benefaciens (sunoida emautôi pepoiêkoti or poiôn), are mentioned by Prisc. p. 1205 P., as much used earlier, but without exs. in proof.—
B.
In partic., conscious to one's self of wrong (rare, and mostly poet.):
nihil est miserius quam animus hominis conscius,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 13:
animus,
Lucr. 4, 1131; Sall. C. 14, 3; Sen. Hippol. 496.— Poet.:
vultus,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 692.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > conscius
13 constituo

con-stĭtŭo, ŭi, ūtum, 3, v. a. [statuo], to cause to stand, put or lay down, to set, put, place, fix, station, deposit a person or thing somewhere (esp. firmly or immovably), etc. (the act. corresponding to consistere; class.).
I.
In gen.
A.
Prop.:
hominem ante pedes Q. Manilii constituunt,
Cic. Clu. 13, 38:
vobis (dīs) candentem taurum ante aras,
Verg. A. 5, 237:
impedimenta,
Liv. 44, 36, 6:
reliquias praedonum contractas in urbibus,
Vell. 2, 32 fin.:
unum aliquem lectorem,
Quint. 2, 5, 6:
velut in aliquā sublimi speculā constitutus,
Lact. 2, 2, 18.—
B.
Trop.:
cum hujus vobis adulescentiam proposueritis, constituitote vobis ante oculos etiam hujus miseri senectutem,
Cic. Cael. 32, 79.—
II.
Esp.,
A.
Milit. t. t.
1.
To station or post troops somewhere, to draw up, set in order:
legionem Caesar passibus CC. ab eo tumulo constituit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 43:
legiones pro castris in acie,
id. ib. 2, 8 fin.;
4, 35: aciem ordinesque intra silvas,
id. ib. 2, 19:
octo cohortes in fronte,
Sall. C. 59, 2:
quod reliquum peditum erat, obliquo constituerunt colle,
Liv. 28, 33, 8 al.:
naves ad latus apertum hostium,
Caes. B. G. 4, 25; cf.:
naves aperto ac plano litore,
id. ib. 4, 23 fin.:
naves nisi in alto,
id. ib. 4, 24:
subsidiarias (naves) in secundo ordine, Auct. B. Alex. 14, 3: classem apud Salamina exadversum Athenas,
Nep. Them. 3, 4; cf. id. Alcib. 8, 1:
praesidia in Rutenis provincialibus,
Caes. B. G. 7, 7.—Rarely of a single person: se constituere, to station or post one's self: dum se Gallus iterum eodem pacto constituere studet, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 13, 17.—
2.
In contrast with a march, to cause to halt:
paulisper agmen constituit,
Sall. J. 49, 5; so,
agmen,
Liv. 35, 28, 8; 38, 25, 12:
signa paulisper novitate rei,
id. 33, 10, 3; so,
signa,
id. 34, 20, 4.—And trop.:
si constituitur aliquando (narratio) ac non istā brevitate percurritur,
Cic. de Or. 2, 80, 328.—
B.
With the access. idea of preparation, to set up, erect, establish, found, build, construct, prepare, make, create, constitute (class. and very freq.).
1.
Lit.:
genus humanum, quorum omnia causā constituisse deos,
Lucr. 2, 175:
aggerem apparare, vineas agere, turres duas constituere coepit,
Caes. B. G. 7, 17:
turres,
id. ib. 2, 12:
turrim,
id. ib. 2, 30:
castella ad extremas fossas,
id. ib. 2, 8:
vineas ac testudines,
Nep. Milt. 7, 2:
locis certis horrea,
Caes. B. C. 3, 42:
inane sepulcrum,
Ov. M. 6, 568:
feralis cupressos,
Verg. A. 6, 216:
ingentem quercum in tumulo,
id. ib. 11, 6:
pyras curvo in litore,
id. ib. 11, 185:
quattuor aras ad alta delubra dearum,
id. G. 4, 542; Suet. Aug. 59 fin.:
aedem in foro geminis fratribus,
id. Caes. 10:
castra Romae,
id. Tib. 37 et saep.:
oppidum,
to found, Caes. B. C. 1, 15; Nep. Cim. 2, 2; so,
nova moenia,
Verg. A. 12, 194; cf.:
moenia in Aside terrā,
Ov. M. 9, 449:
domicilium sibi Magnesiae,
Nep. Them. 10, 2:
triplex Piraeei portus constitutus est,
id. ib. 6, 1:
hiberna omnium legionum in Belgis,
Caes. B. G. 3, 38:
di primum homines humo excitatos celsos et erectos constituerunt,
Cic. N. D. 2, 56, 140.—
2.
Trop., to bring about, effect, establish, appoint, etc., freq. of judicial determinations, etc.: videte, [p. 438] per deos immortalis, quod jus nobis, quam condicionem vobismet ipsis, quam denique civitati legem constituere velitis, to establish, Cic. Caecin. 14, 40:
jus melius Sullanis praediis quam paternis,
id. Agr. 3, 3, 10:
judicium,
id. Part. Or. 28, 99:
judicium de pecuniis repetundis,
id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 11:
judicium capitis in se,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 141:
controversiam,
id. de Or. 1, 31, 143:
quaestionem,
Quint. 3, 11, 17; 4, 2, 10:
ratiocinationem,
id. 5, 14, 12:
in hac accusatione comparandā constituendāque laborare,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 2; and of persons, to designate, appoint, select, put forward, etc.:
accusatorem,
id. Div. in Caecil. 3, 10; Quint. 3, 10, 3 (cf.:
comparare accusatorem,
Cic. Clu. 67, 191):
testis,
Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 55:
tutores pupillis,
Dig. 2, 1, 1 et saep.:
nuper apud C. Orchivium collegam meum locus ab judicibus Fausto Sullae de pecuniis residuis non est constitutus,
no trial of him was permitted, Cic. Clu. 34, 94:
reum statim fecit, utique ei locus primus constitueretur impetravit,
id. ib. 20, 56:
fidem,
id. Part. Or. 9, 31; cf. id. Sen. 18, 62:
concordiam,
id. Att. 8, 11, D, 1:
si utilitas amicitiam constituet, tollet eadem,
id. Fin. 2, 24, 78:
amicitiam tecum,
Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 7, 27 (cf. id. ib. §
25: amicitiae permultae comparantur): libertatem,
Cic. Fl. 11, 25:
victoriam,
id. Rosc. Am. 6, 16:
pacem (opp. bellum gerere),
id. ib. 8, 22:
quantum mali sibi ac liberis suis,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 25, § 65.—
C.
With the access. idea of ordering, contriving, to establish, fix, appoint, settle, order, manage; to confirm, regulate, arrange, dispose.
1.
Lit.:
Ti. et C. Gracchos plebem in agris publicis constituisse,
to have established, Cic. Agr. 2, 5, 10; cf. id. ib. 2, 31, 83:
ibi futuros Helvetios, ubi eos Caesar constituisset,
should assign them a permanent abode, Caes. B. G. 1, 13:
reges in civitate,
Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 15; cf. id. Off. 2, 12, 41:
Commium regem ibi,
Caes. B. G. 4, 21:
decemviralem potestatem in omnibus urbibus,
Nep. Lys. 2, 1; cf. Cic. Agr. 2, 7, 17:
curatores legibus agrariis,
id. ib.; cf.:
publice patronum huic causae,
id. Mur. 2, 4:
regnum alicui,
Nep. Chabr. 2, 1 al.:
composita et constituta res publica,
Cic. Leg. 3, 18, 42; cf.:
bene morata et bene constituta civitas,
id. Brut. 2, 7; so id. Agr. 2, 5, 10 fin.:
civitates,
to organize, id. de Or. 1, 9, 35:
quis tibi concesserit... reliquas utilitates in constituendis civitatibus... a disertis ornateque dicentibus esse constitutas,
id. ib. 1, 9, 36:
Chersoneso tali modo constituto,
Nep. Milt. 2, 4:
res summā aequitate,
id. ib. 2, 2; cf.:
rem nummariam,
Cic. Off. 3, 20, 80:
rem familiarem,
id. Phil. 11, 2, 4.—
2.
Trop.:
ineuntis aetatis inscitia senum constituenda et regenda prudentiā est,
Cic. Off. 1, 34, 122; cf.:
majores vestri majestatis constituendae gratiā bis Aventinum occupavere,
Sall. J. 31, 17; Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 6:
jam perfectis constitutisque viribus,
Quint. 10, 1, 57.— Pass. impers.: non tam sinistre constitutum est, ut non, etc., i. e. we are not so badly off as not, etc., Plin. Pan. 45, 5.—Of persons:
Athenaeum in maximā apud regem auctoritate gratiāque,
Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 6:
aliquem sibi quaestoris in loco,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 77:
in potestate aliquem,
Lact. Epit. 55, 6:
constituuntur in honoribus, cum magistratus creantur,
Aug. Cont. adv. Leg. 1, 45 al. —
D.
With the access. idea of limiting, fixing, allotting, to fix, appoint something ( for or to something), to settle, agree upon, define, determine.
1.
Lit.:
propter dissensionem placuerat dividi thesauros finesque imperii singulis constitui,
Sall. J. 12, 1:
summum pretium,
Cic. Att. 12, 31, 2; cf.:
pretium frumento,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 73, § 171:
certam pecuniam proconsulibus,
Suet. Aug. 36; id. Ner. 10:
propria loca senatoribus,
id. Claud. 21:
diem nuptiis,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 180; cf.:
nuptias in hunc diem,
Ter. And. 1, 5, 34:
diem concilio,
Caes. B. G. 1, 30:
diem colloquio,
id. ib. 1, 47:
posterum diem pugnae,
id. ib. 3, 23 fin.:
negotio proximum diem,
Sall. J. 93, 8:
certum tempus ei rei,
Caes. B. C. 3, 19:
grandiorem aetatem ad consulatum,
Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 47:
tempus in posterum diem locumque,
Liv. 38, 25, 2:
postquam ad constitutam non venerat diem,
id. 27, 16, 16:
locus, tempus constitutum est,
Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 3:
modum credendi,
Cic. Rab. Post. 3, 5: de numero pastorum alii angustius, alii laxius constituunt:
ego in octogenas hirtas oves singulos pastores constitui, Atticus in centenas,
Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 10.—
b.
T. t. of the lang. of business, to accord, agree with one in a thing, to appoint, fix, to concert, agree upon, assent to (cf. Gron. Obss. p. 14 sq.); constr. aliquid cum aliquo, alicui, inter se, or with acc. only, or absol.
(α).
Cum aliquo:
ubiea dies, quam constituerat cum legatis venit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 8:
pactam et constitutam esse cum Manlio diem,
Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 24:
constitui cum quodam hospite, Me esse illum conventuram,
Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 120:
constitui cum hominibus, quo die mihi Messanae praesto essent,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 27, § 65: cum aliquo, ut, etc., Aug. ap. Suet. Calig. 8; cf. under P. a., B. 2.—
(β).
Alicui:
L. Cincio HS. XXCD. constitui me curaturum Idibus Febr.,
Cic. Att. 1, 7 init.; id. Off. 1, 10, 32:
ubi nocturnae Numa constituebat amicae,
Juv. 3, 12; cf.:
sane, inquit, vellem non constituissem, in Tusculanum me hodie venturum esse, Laelio,
id. de Or. 1, 62, 265.—
(γ).
With acc. only or absol.:
vadimonia constituta,
Cic. Sen. 7, 21:
de pecuniā constitutā,
Dig. 13, tit. 5; Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 4:
(Vaccenses) compositis inter se rebus in diem tertiam constituunt,
Sall. J. 66, 2:
sic constituunt, sic condicunt,
Tac. G. 11; Juv. 6, 487.— Pass. impers.:
Avillius, ut erat constitutum, simulat se aegrotare,
Cic. Clu. 13, 37.—
2.
Trop.:
constituendi sunt qui sint in amicitiā fines deligendi,
Cic. Lael. 16, 56:
si forte quaereretur quae esset ars imperatoris, constituendum putarem principio, quis esset imperator: qui cum esset constitutus administrator quidam belli gerendi, tum adjungerem, etc. (for which, soon after, definire),
id. de Or. 1, 48, 210; cf. C. 1. supra, and Quint. 12, 1, 1:
nondum satis constitui molestiaene plus an voluptatis attulerit mihi Trebatius noster,
Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 1:
ut constitueret, honestum esse aliquid quod, etc.,
id. Off. 2, 3, 9:
bona possessa non esse constitui,
id. Quint. 29, 89:
de hoc Antigonus cum solus constituere non auderet, ad consilium retulit,
Nep. Eum. 12, 1.—
E.
With the access. idea of resolving, to determine to do something, to take a resolution, to resolve, decide, determine.
(α).
With inf.:
si quis mare Neptunum Cereremque vocare Constituit fruges,
Lucr. 2, 656:
cohortes duas in Nantuatibus collocare,
Caes. B. G. 3, 1:
bellum cum Germanis gerere,
id. ib. 4, 6:
Romanorum adventum exspectare atque ibi decertare,
id. ib. 4, 19:
desciscere a rege,
Nep. Dat. 5, 5.—
(β).
With acc. and inf.:
audio constitutum esse Pompeio et ejus consilio in Siciliam me mittere,
Cic. Att. 7, 7, 4. —
(γ).
With interrog.-clause:
quantum pecuniae quaeque civitas daret, Aristides delectus est, qui constitueret,
Nep. Arist. 3, 1. —
(δ).
With ut:
rus uti irem, jam heri constitueram,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 136:
constitueram, ut pridie Idus Aquini manerem,
Cic. Att. 16, 10, 1:
constituimus inter nos ut ambulationem conficeremus,
id. Fin. 5, 1, 1:
Lentulus cum ceteris constituerant, uti, etc.,
Sall. C. 43, 1.—Hence, constĭtūtus, a, um, P. a.
A.
Adj. (acc. to B.), constituted, arranged, disposed:
bene constitutum corpus,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 6, 17:
viri sapientes et bene naturā constituti,
id. Sest. 65, 137:
quotus quisque philosophorum invenitur, qui sit ita moratus, ita animo ac vitā constitutus, ut ratio postulat,
id. Tusc. 2, 4, 11:
qui integri sunt et sani et bene constituti de rebus domesticis,
id. Sest. 45, 97.—
2.
(Acc. to C.) Fixed, established:
cursus siderum,
Quint. 1, 10, 46:
discrimina (opp. fortuita),
id. 5, 10, 42:
jam confirmatae constitutaeque vocis,
id. 11, 3, 29.—
B.
Subst.: constĭtūtum, i, n.
1.
(Acc. to B.) An institution, ordinance, law (mostly postclass.), Cod. Th. 1, 11, 5; 12, 41, 1.—
b.
Trop.:
cum videas ordinem rerum et naturam per constituta procedere,
according to established laws, Sen. Q. N. 3, 16, 2.—
2.
(Acc. to D. 1. b.) An agreement, appointment, accommodation; a compact (in good prose):
ante rem quaeruntur, quae talia sunt, apparatus, conloquia, locus, constitutum, convivium,
Cic. Top. 12, 52; so absol., id. Att. 11, 16, 2; id. Cael. 8, 20:
rescripsit constitutum se cum eo habere,
id. Att. 12, 23, 3:
constitutum factum esse cum servis, ut venirent, etc.,
id. Cael. 25, 61; and humorously: si quod constitutum cum podagra habes, fac ut in alium diem differas, id. Fam. 7, 4; so,
ad constitutum venire,
Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 1; Cic. Caecin. 12, 33:
se proripu it,
Suet. Oth. 6;
and without a verb,
Cic. Att. 12, 1, 1; Flor. 2, 6, 16 (but in Vell. 2, 110, 1, the better read. is consili).

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > constituo
14 consto

con-sto, stĭti, stātum (constātūrus, Sen. Clem. 1, 19, 3; Plin. 18, 5, 6, § 30; Luc. 2, 17; Mart. 10, 41, 5; Lact. Opif. Dei, 7, 11), 1, v. n.
I.
To stand together, stand with some person or thing.
A.
Lit. (very rare):
constant, conserunt sermones inter se drapetae,
Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 11.—
B.
Trop., to stand with, to agree with, be in accord or agreement, to correspond, fit.
1.
With cum and abl. (cf. consisto, II. B. 3.):
considerabit, constetne oratio aut cum re aut ipsa secum,
Cic. Inv. 2, 14, 45:
sententiā non constare cum superioribus et inferioribus sententiis, etc.,
Auct. Her. 2, 10, 14.—
2.
Absol.:
veri similis narratio erit, si spatia temporum, personarum dignitates, consiliorum rationes, locorum opportunitates constabunt,
Auct. Her. 1, 9, 16.—
3.
With dat.:
si humanitati tuae constare voles,
Cic. Att. 1, 11, 1.—And esp. with sibi, to agree, accord with itself, to remain like one's self, be consistent:
in Oppianico sibi constare et superioribus consentire judiciis debuerunt,
Cic. Clu. 22, 60; so,
with consentire,
id. Univ. 3 init.; id. Fin. 2, 11, 35:
ut constare in vitae perpetuitate possimus nobismetipsis nec in ullo officio claudicare,
id. Off. 1, 33, 119; so,
sibi (opp. titubare),
Quint. 5, 7, 11:
sibi et rei judicatae,
Cic. Clu. 38, 106:
sibi,
Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 16; id. A. P. 127; cf.:
constat idem omnibus sermo,
Liv. 9, 2, 3.—
4.
In the phrase ratio constat, mercantile t. t., the account agrees or is correct, is or proves right:
auri ratio constat: aurum in aerario est,
Cic. Fl. 28, 69:
quibus ratio impensarum constaret,
was correct, accurately kept, Suet. Ner. 30.—
(β).
In postAug. prose, esp. in the younger Pliny, transf. from the sphere of business:
mirum est, quam singulis diebus in urbe ratio aut constet aut constare videatur,
Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 1; cf. id. ib. 1, 5, 16; 3, 18, 10; 2, 4, 4; 7, 6, 4; id. Pan. 38, 4; Just. praef. § 5: eam condicionem esse imperandi, ut non aliter ratio [p. 439] constet, quam si uni reddatur, Tac. A. 1, 6 fin. —
II.
With the access. idea of firmness, to stand firm, to remain immovable, unchanging, steadfast, to abide, last, endure, persevere, etc. (very freq. in all perr. and styles).
A.
In gen.:
prius quam totis viribus fulta constaret hostium acies,
Liv. 3, 60, 9; cf.:
nec pugna deinde illis constare,
id. 1, 30, 10:
ut non color, non vultus ei constaret,
id. 39, 34, 7; cf.:
valetudo ei neque corporis neque animi constitit,
Suet. Calig. 50; and:
dum sanitas constabit,
Phaedr. 4, 24, 30:
non mentibus solum consipere, sed ne auribus quidem atque oculis satis constare poterant,
Liv. 5, 42, 3; cf.:
in ebrietate lingua non constat,
Sen. Ep. 83, 27:
mente vix constare,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39; cf. Liv. 8, 19, 6; 44, 20, 7:
quā in sententia si constare voluissent,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 14; cf. Caes. B. G. 5, 36 fin.:
numerus legionum constat,
id. ib. 7, 35:
ceteris exercitibus constare fidem,
Tac. H. 2, 96:
utrimque fides constitit,
kept their word, Liv. 37, 32, 13; 2, 13, 9.— Poet.: cum sint huc forsitan illa, Haec translata illuc;
summā tamen omnia constant,
i. e. the principal sum remains always the same, Ov. M. 15, 258:
postquam cuncta videt caelo constare sereno,
every thing continues in unbroken serenity, Verg. A. 3, 518:
constitit in nullā qui fuit ante color,
Ov. A. A. 1, 120.—
B.
In partic.
1.
Milit. t. t., to stop, halt: multitudinem procul hostium constare videtur, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 273, 4.—
2.
Of facts, reports, etc., to be established, settled, certain, manifest, evident, well known:
quae cum constent, perspicuum debet esse, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:
eorum quae constant exempla ponemus, horum quae dubia sunt, exempla adferemus, id. mv 1, 38, 68: quod nihil nobis constat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 5:
cum et factum constet et nomen, qualia sint vocatur in dubium,
Cic. Part. Or. 12, 42; cf.:
cum factum constat, sed a quo sit factum in controversiam venit,
Quint. 7, 2, 8; and impers., with acc. and inf.:
mihi multa agitanti constabat, paucorum civium egregiam virtutem cuncta patravisse,
Sall. C. 53, 4; cf.:
quod omnibus constabat, hiemari in Gallia oportere,
Caes. B. G. 4, 29 fin., and Cic. Clu. 13, 38.—
b.
Constat (constabat, constabit, etc., it is settled, established, undisputed, certain, well known, etc.), Cic. Mil. 6, 14; id. Quint. 29, 89; Caes. B. G. 3, 6; 3, 9 al.; Ov. M. 7, 533; Quint. 4, 2, 90 et saep.—So freq.: constat inter omnes, with acc. and inf., all agree, all are convinced:
sed tum nimis inter omnis constabat neminem esse resalutatum,
Cic. Phil. 2, 41, 106:
quae propositio in se quiddam continet perspicuum et quod constare inter omnis necesse est, hanc velle approbare et firmare nihil attinet,
in which all must agree, id. Inv. 1, 36, 62 dub. (B. and K. stare); Caes. B. G. 7, 44; Nep. Alcib. 1, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 8 et saep.; cf.
also: constare inter homines sapientissimos (for which, just after: omnium consensu sic esse judicatum),
Cic. de Or. 3, 1, 3:
inter suos,
Caes. B. G. 7, 47:
inter augures, Liv 10, 6, 7 et saep.: cum de Magio constet,
Cic. Att. 13, 10, 3; cf.:
de facto constat,
Quint. 7, 2, 7; so with de, id. 7, 2, 11; 4, 2, 5:
etsi non satis mihi constiterat, cum aliquāne animi mei molestiā an potius, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 13, 1, 1:
nec satis certum constare apud animum poterat, utrum, etc.,
Liv. 30, 28, 1:
quid cuique sit opus constare decet,
Quint. 3, 9, 8; so id. 3, 8, 25:
quid porro quaerendum est? Factumne sit? At constat. A quo? At patet,
Cic. Mil. 6, 15; so absol., id. Verr. 2, 3, 21, § 54.—
3.
Of a resolve.
(α).
Impers.: mihi (ei) constat, = certum est, it is my ( his) fixed determination, I am determined, I am fully resolved (rare): mihi quidem constat, nec meam contumeliam, nec meorum ferre, Anton. ap. Cic. Phil. 13, 19, 42:
neque satis Bruto neque tribunis militum constabat, quid agerent,
were undecided, Caes. B. G. 3, 14:
ut nihil ei constet quod agat,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 15, 35.—
(β).
With the resolve as subject:
animo constat sententia,
Verg. A. 5, 748:
cum constitit consilium,
when my mind was fully made up, Cic. Att. 8, 11, 1.—
4.
In gen., as opp. to that which has no existence, to exist, be, abide (esp. in Lucr.):
(corpora) quoniam fragili naturā praedita constant,
Lucr. 1, 582; 1, 246; 1, 510 et saep.:
antiquissimi fere sunt, quorum quidem scripta constent,
Cic. de Or. 2, 22, 93; id. Verr. 2, 2, 76, § 187: qui sine manibus et pedibus constare deum posse decreverunt, id. N. D. 1, 33, 92:
si ipsa mens constare potest vacans corpore,
id. ib. 1, 10, 25.—
5.
With ex, in, de, or the abl. (in Cic. only with ex; cf. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 4, 8, 19), to consist in or of, to be composed of, to rest upon something, etc.
(α).
With ex (very freq. in prose and poetry):
fulminis ignem e parvis constare figuris,
Lucr. 2, 385:
homo ex animo constat et corpore,
Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 98;
id. Fin. l. l.: simplex (jus) e dulci constat olivo,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 64:
ea virtus, quae constat ex hominibus tuendis,
Cic. Off. 1, 44, 157 et saep.—
(β).
With in and abl. (very rare):
victoriam in earum cohortium virtute constare,
Caes. B. C. 3, 89 fin.; Nep. Att. 14 fin. —
* (γ).
With de:
partus duplici de semine,
Lucr. 4, 1229.—
(δ).
With abl. (freq. in Lucr. and Quint.):
aeterno quia constant semine quaeque,
Lucr. 1, 221; 1, 484; 1, 518 et saep.:
agri campis, vineis, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 3, 19, 5:
constat tota oratio longioribus membris, brevioribus periodis,
Quint. 9, 4, 134; 5, 10, 63 et saep.:
causa constat aut unius rei controversiā aut plurium,
id. 3, 10, 1. omnis disciplina memoriā, id. 11, 2, 1. omne jus aut scripto aut moribus, id. 12, 3, 6 et saep.—
6.
Mercantile t. t., like our phrase, to stand at, i. e. to cost; constr. with abl.. gen., etc., of price (cf. Zumpt, Gr. § 444).
a.
Lit.
(α).
With abl.:
ut unae quadrigae Romae constiterint quadringentis milibus,
Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 14; Suet. Vit. 19:
filius auro,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 57:
navis gratis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 48 (al. stare):
HS. sex milibus tibi constant,
id. ib. 2, 4, 12, §
28: tanto nobis deliciae,
Plin. 12, 18, 41, § 84:
magno tibi,
Plin. Ep. 2, 6, 4:
parvo,
Pall. Febr. 9, 12; cf.
gratis,
Sen. Ep. 104, 34; Aug. Serm. 385, 6.—
(β).
With gen.:
(ambulatiuncula) prope dimidio minoris constabit isto loco,
Cic. Att. 13, 29, 2; Suet. Ner. 27 fin.:
quanti funus,
id. Vesp. 19; Juv. 7, 45.—
(γ).
With adv.: quod mihi constat carius, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 272, 25; so,
vilissime,
Col. 9, 1. 6.—
(δ).
With sup.:
cujus area super HS. millies constitit,
Suet. Caes. 26.—
b.
Trop.:
edocet, quanto detrimento et quot virorum fortium morte necesse sit constare victoriam,
Caes. B. G. 7, 19:
odia constantia magno,
Ov. H. 7, 47:
imperia pretio quolibet constant bene,
Sen. Phoen. 664.—Hence, constans, antis, P. a. (acc. to II. 1.), standing firm, firm, unchangeable, constant, immovable, uniform, fixed, stable, invariable (freq. and class.).
A.
Lit.:
mellis constantior est natura (sc. quam aquae),
Lucr. 3, 192:
constans uva contra tenorem unum algoris aestusve,
Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 27:
cujus in indomito constantior inguine nervus, Quam nova arbor, etc.,
Hor. Epod. 12, 19:
cursus certi et constantes,
Cic. N. D. 3, 9, 24; cf.:
constans reversio stellarum (with conveniens),
id. ib. 2, 21, 54:
constantissimus motus lunae,
id. Div. 2, 6, 17:
nihil (mundo) motu constantius,
id. N. D. 3, 9, 23; 2, 21, 54:
constanti vultu graduque,
Liv. 5, 46, 3: aetas, the mature age (of an adult), Cic. Sen. 10, 33; cf.:
constans aetas, quae media dicitur,
id. ib. 20, 76:
aetate nondum constanti,
Suet. Galb. 4:
pax,
firm, secure, Liv. 6, 25, 6:
fides,
Hor. C. 3, 7, 4:
an ire comminus et certare pro Italiā constantius foret,
safer, Tac. H. 3, 1. —
b.
Agreeing or accordant with itself, consistent, harmonious:
quemadmodum in oratione constanti, sic in vitā omnia sint apta inter se et convenientia,
Cic. Off. 1, 40, 144:
nihil intellego dici potuisse constantius,
id. Tusc. 5, 9, 25; cf.:
incredibilia an inter se constantia,
Quint. 5, 4, 2:
rumores,
Cic. Fam. 12, 9, 1:
constans parum memoria hujus anni,
Liv. 10, 37, 13:
constans fama erat,
Suet. Caes. 6; so,
opinio,
id. Tib. 39; id. Vesp. 4 al.—
B.
Trop., intellectually or morally certain, sure, steadfast, constant, faithful, steady, unchanging:
firmi et stabiles et constantes amici,
Cic. Lael. 17, 62; cf. Nep. Lys. 2, 2:
quem hominem? Levem? imo gravissimum. Mobilem? imo constantissimum,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 16, 49; cf. opp. varium, id. Fragm. ap. Quint. 6, 3, 48 Spald.:
pater amens at is quidem fuit omnium constantissimus,
a very constant, steadfast man, Cic. Rosc. Am. 14, 41; cf.:
prudens et constans (testis),
Quint. 5, 7, 26; and under adv.:
(Helvidius Priscus) recti pervicax, constans adversus metus,
Tac. H. 4, 5 fin.:
constans Fortuna tantum in levitate suā,
Ov. Tr. 5, 8, 18; cf.: neque fidei constans, neque strenuus in perfidiā, Tac. H. 3, 57:
constantior In vitiis, etc.,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 18.— Adv.: constanter.
1.
(Acc. to A.) Firmly, immovably, steadily, constantly:
manere in suo statu,
Cic. Univ. 13: constanter ac perpetuo placet consilium, Brut. ap. Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 16, 9:
vitiis gaudere constanter,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 6.— Comp.:
ut maneamus in perspicuis firmius et constantius,
Cic. Ac. 2, 14, 45.— Sup.:
impetus caeli constantissime conficiens vicissitudinis anniversarias,
Cic. N. D. 2, 38, 97.—
b.
Harmoniously, evenly, uniformly, consistently:
constanter et aequaliter ingrediens oratio,
Cic. Or. 58, 198:
sibi constanter convenienterque dicere,
id. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; cf. id. ib. 5, 9, 24; in comp., id. ib. 5, 9, 25; in sup., id. ib. 5, 8, 23; id. Ac. 2, 3, 9; so,
hi constanter omnes nuntiaverunt,
with one voice, unanimously, Caes. B. G. 2, 2:
aequabilius atque constantius sese res humanae haberent,
Sall. C. 2, 3:
aequabilius atque constantius regere provincias,
Tac. A. 15, 21 fin. —
2.
(Acc. to B.) Steadily, calmly, tranquilly, sedately:
constanter ac non trepide pugnare,
Caes. B. G. 3, 25; cf.
agere, Auct. B. Afr. 84: proelium inire,
Suet. Vesp. 4; id. Tib. 19:
constanter et sedate ferre dolorem,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 20, 46:
constanter et libere se gerere,
id. Att. 4, 16, 9:
constanter prudenterque fit,
id. Tusc. 4, 6, 12:
constanter delata beneficia (with judicio, considerate, and opp. repentino quodam impetu),
id. Off. 1, 15, 49.— Comp.:
cetera exsequi,
Suet. Aug. 10:
acrius quam constantius proelium inire,
Curt. 4, 6, 14.— Sup.:
amicitias retinere,
Suet. Aug. 66; id. Tib. 45 al.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > consto
15 haber

m.

1 assets (bienes).

2 credit (side).

v.

1 to have.

lo he/había hecho I have/had done it

los niños ya han comido the children have already eaten

2 to be, to exist, to be some.

Hay carros There are cars.

Hay There are

* * *

HABER

CONJUGACIÓN

Present Indicative

he, has, ha, hemos, habéis, han.

Imperfect Subjunctive

había, habías, había, habíamos, habíais, habían.

Past Indicative

hube, hubiste, hubo, hubimos, hubisteis, hubieron.

Future Indicative

habré, habrás, habrá, habremos, habréis, habrán.

Conditional

habría, habrías, habría, habríamos, habríais, habrían.

Present Subjunctive

haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayáis, hayan.

Imperfect Subjunctive

hubiera, hubieras, hubiera, hubiéramos, hubierais, hubieran;

hubiese, hubieses, hubiese, hubiésemos, hubieseis, hubiesen.

Future Subjunctive

hubiere, hubieres, hubiere, hubiéremos, hubiereis, hubieren.

Imperative

he (tú), haya (él/Vd.), hayamos (nos.), habed (vos.), hayan (ellos/Vds.).

* * *

verb

to have

- haber de
- hay
* * *

1. V AUX

1) [en tiempos compuestos] to have

he comido — I have o I've eaten

había ido al cine — he had gone o he'd gone to the cinema

lo hubiéramos hecho — we would have done it

¡haberlo dicho! — you should have said!

¡hubieran visto la casa! — esp LAm * you should have seen the house!

pero, ¿habráse visto (cosa igual)? — well, have you ever seen anything like it?

de haberlo sabido — if I had known, if I'd known

2)

• haber de —

a) [indicando obligación]

he de hacerlo — I have to do it, I must do it

hemos de tener paciencia — we must be patient

has de saber que... — you should know that...

¿qué he de hacer? — what am I to do?

los has de ver — LAm you'll see them

b) [indicando suposición]

han de ser las nueve — it must be about nine o'clock

ha de llegar hoy — esp LAm he should get here today

has de estar equivocado — esp LAm you must be mistaken

2. V IMPERS

1)

hay — [con sustantivo en singular] there is; [con sustantivo en plural] there are

hay un hombre en la calle — there is a man in the street

hay mucho que hacer — there is so much to be done

hubo una guerra — there was a war

no hubo discusión — there was no discussion

¿habrá tiempo? — will there be time?

tomará lo que haya — he'll take whatever there is

lo que hay es que... — it's like this..., the thing is...

algo debe de haber para que se comporte así — there must be some reason for him acting like that

hay sol — the sun is shining, it's sunny

hay dos hombres en la calle — there are two men in the street

no hay plátanos — there are no bananas

ha habido problemas — there have been problems

habían muchas personas — LAm there were many people there

• ¿ cuánto hay de aquí a Cuzco? — how far is it from here to Cuzco?

• los hay excelentes — some are excellent

los hay buenos y malos — some are good and some are bad

los hay que están confusos y asustados — some (people) are confused and afraid

las hay en negro y blanco — they are available in black and white

oportunistas los hay en todas partes — you'll find opportunists everywhere, there are always opportunists, wherever you go

• no hay, no hay nada mejor que... — there's nothing better than...

no hay como esta playa para disfrutar del surf — there's nothing like this beach for surfing

no hay más que hablar — there's no more to be said, there's nothing more to say

no hay quien te entienda — there's no understanding you

¡aquí no hay quien duerma! — it's impossible to get any sleep round here!

¡no hay de qué! — don't mention it!, not at all!

• ¿ qué hay? — (=¿qué pasa?) what's up?; (=¿qué tal?) how's it going?, how are things?

¡qué hubo! — Chile, Méx, Ven * how's it going?, how are things?

como hay pocos, donde los haya —

un amigo como hay pocos o donde los haya — a friend in a million

de lo que no hay —

¡eres de lo que no hay! — you're unbelievable!

si los hay —

buen chico si los hay — a good lad if ever there was one

2) (Com)

"¡mejores no hay!" — "there's none better!"

¡hay helado! — [dicho a voces] ice cream!; [en cartel] ice cream sold

¿hay puros? — do you have any cigars?

"no hay entradas o localidades" — "sold out"

3)

• hay que, hay que trabajar — one has to work, everyone must work

hay que hacer algo — something has to be done

hay que hacerlo — it has to be done

no hay que hacer nada — you don't have to do anything

hay que ser fuertes — we must be strong

hay que trabajar más — [como mandato] you must work harder

no hay que olvidar que... — we mustn't forget that...

no hay que tomarlo a mal — there's no reason to take it badly, you mustn't get upset about it

¡había que decírselo! — we'll have to tell him!

¡había que verlo! — you should have seen it!

• no hay más que, no hay más que leer las normas — all you have to do is read the rules

no hay más que haber viajado un poco para saberlo — anyone who has done a bit of travelling would know

- ¡hay que ver!

4) [indicando tiempo]

tres años ha — frm three years ago

años ha que no les veo — frm, hum I haven't seen them for years

3. VT

1) (=ocurrir)

en el encuentro habido ayer — in yesterday's game

el descenso de temperatura habida ayer — the fall in temperature recorded yesterday

la lista de las víctimas habidas — the list of casualties

habidos y por haber —

se trataron todos los temas habidos y por haber — they discussed every subject under the sun

2) (=tener)

un hijo habido fuera del matrimonio — a child born out of wedlock

los dos hijos habidos en su primer matrimonio — the two children from her first marriage

Pepe, que Dios haya en su gloria — Pepe, God rest his soul

bien haya... — (Rel) blessed be...

3) liter (=obtener)

lee cuantos libros puede haber — he reads all the books he can lay his hands on

4.

See:

haberse

* * *
I 1.
verbo auxiliar

Sentido I

1) ( en tiempos compuestos) to have

no han/habían llegado — they haven't/hadn't arrived

como se haya olvidado lo mato — if he's forgotten, I'll kill him!

¿se habrán perdido? — do you think they've o they might have got lost?

de haberlo sabido — had I known, if I'd known

deberías haberlo dicho! — you should have said so!

Sentido II

2)

a) (frml) (expresando obligación, necesidad)

haber de + inf — to have to + inf

ha de ser firmado por ambas partes — it has to o must be signed by both parties

b) ( expresando acción futura)

ha de llegar un día en que... — the day will come when...

c) (expresando probabilidad, certeza)

ha de ser tarde — it must be late

pero ¿sabes lo que dices? - no lo he de saber! — but do you know what you're saying? - of course I do!
2.
haber v impers

Sentido I

1) (existir, estar, darse)

hay una carta/varias cartas para ti — there's a letter/there are several letters for you

había un cliente esperando — there was a customer waiting

hubo dos accidentes — there were two accidents

¿qué tomarán de postre? - ¿hay helado? — what would you like for dessert? - do you have any ice cream?

¿cuántos kilómetros hay hasta Sevilla? — how many kilometers are there o is it to Seville?

no hay como un buen descanso — there's nothing like a good rest

no hay quien lo aguante — he's absolutely unbearable

hay quien piensa que... — there are those who feel that...

hubo varios heridos — several people were injured

las hay rojas y verdes — there are red ones and green ones

gracias - no hay de qué — thank you - don't mention it o not at all o you're welcome

no hay de qué preocuparse — there's nothing to worry about

hola ¿qué hay/hay de nuevo? — (fam) hello, how are things/what's new?

es un poco largo - ¿qué hay? — (CS fam) it's rather long - so what?

¿qué hubo? — (Andes, Méx, Ven fam) how are things?

¿qué hubo de lo de Jorge y Ana? — what happened with Jorge and Ana?

habérselas con alguien: tendrá que habérselas conmigo he'll have me to deal with; habido y por haber: todos los trucos habidos y por haber — every trick in the book (colloq)

Sentido II

2) ( ser necesario)

haber que + inf: hay que estudiar you/we/they must study; hubo que romperlo we/they had to break it; hay que decir algo something has to be said; había que verlo! you should have seen him!; no hay más que apretarlo all you have to do is press it; no hay que darle muy fuerte — ( no es necesario) you don't need o have to hit it too hard; ( no se debe) you mustn't hit it too hard

Sentido III

3) (liter) ( en expresiones de tiempo)

muchos años/mucho tiempo ha — many years/a long time ago
3.
haber vt habido -da participio pasado (frml) ( tenido)

los hijos habidos en el/fuera del matrimonio — children born in/out of wedlock (frml)
II
masculino

a) ( bienes) assets (pl)

b) ( en contabilidad) credit side

tener algo en su haber — (period) to have something to one's credit

c) haberes masculino plural (frml) (emolumentos, paga) income, earnings (pl)

los haberes que se le adeudan — moneys o monies owed to you (frml)

* * *

= be available, come in, there + be, there + have + been, be in place, accounts receivable.

Ex. This emphasis upon 'the work' reflects the packaging of text, information, music, graphics, and so on, and indicates to the subsequent user what packages are available for use or consultation.

Ex. Such records come in a variety of physical forms.

Ex. There are a relatively large number of documents under each heading.

Ex. Mr. Kilgour's publications are truly too voluminous to list; over a period of four decades, there have been few years in which he has not published.

Ex. Modular courses are already in place from which a student can pick and mix.

Ex. This software includes separate programs for general ledger: accounts receivable, accounts payable, payroll and inventory.

----

* deber haber ocurrido antes = be long overdue.

* debería haber = there + ought to be.

* en el haber de Uno = under + Posesivo + belt.

* en + Posesivo + haber = to + Posesivo + credit.

* en su haber = on the credit side.

* haber algo raro con = there + be + something fishy going on with.

* haber algo sospechoso con = there + be + something fishy going on with.

* haber bebido demasiado = be over the limit.

* haber decidido = be intent on.

* haber de muchos tipos = come in + all/many (sorts of) shapes and sizes.

* haber de muy diversos tipos = come in + all/many (sorts of) shapes and sizes.

* haber dinero de por medio = money + change hands.

* haber división de opiniones = be split on, opinion + be divided.

* haber división de opiniones entre los críticos = critics + be divided.

* haberes = assets, holdings.

* haber escasez de = be in short supply, be at a premium.

* haber existencias = be in stock.

* haber ganado la mitad de la batalla = be half the battle.

* haber ganado sólo la mitad de la batalla = be only half the battle.

* haber llegado = be upon us.

* haber muchísima diferencia = be in a different league.

* haber nacido en = be a native of.

* haber pasado por aquí antes = have been down this road before.

* haber poca duda de que = there + be + little doubt that.

* haber + que reconocer que = have to hand it to + Nombre.

* haber quórum = be quorate.

* haber recorrido mucho mundo = be well-travelled.

* haberse propuesto = be intent on.

* haber sido aceptado = be here to stay, have come + to stay.

* haber sido comprobado exhaustivamente = be thoroughly tested.

* haber terminado la jornada laboral = be off duty.

* haber todavía más = there + be + more to it than that.

* haber un aire de emoción = there + be + an air of excitement.

* haber un aire de expectación = there + be + an air of expectation.

* haber una transacción económica de por medio = money + change hands.

* haber un viento huracanado = wind + blow great guns.

* haber viajado mucho = be well-travelled.

* ha de ser + Participio = be to be + Participio.

* he = I've (I have).

* hubo una época en la que = there was a time when.

* lo que haya que de ser, será = que sera sera, what's meant to be, will be, whatever will be, will be.

* mientras haya existencias = while stocks last, subject to availability.

* no haber = be unavailable.

* no haber consecuencias = nothing + come of.

* no + haber + dos + Nombre que = no two + Nombre.

* no haber duda de que = there + be + no doubt that.

* no haber duda (que) = there + be + no question (that).

* no haber forma de = there + be + no way.

* no haber indicios de que = there + be + no indication that.

* no haber límites = there + be + no limit.

* no haber manera de = there + be + no way.

* no haber modo de = there + be + no means of.

* no haber mucha señal de que = there + be + little sign of.

* no haber muchas señales de que = there + be + little sign of.

* no + haber + nada como = there + be + nothing like.

* no haber nada de verdad en = there + be + any/no truth to.

* no + haber + nada malo en = there + be + nothing wrong in/with.

* no haber palabras para describirlo = beggar + description.

* no haber pero que valer = not take + no for an answer.

* no haber prisa = there + be + no hurry.

* no haber problemas = be fine.

* no haber señal de que = there + be + no sign of.

* no habiendo = in the absence of.

* no hay nada como = nothing beats....

* no hay nada mejor que = nothing beats....

* poner en el haber de = credit.

* sin haber contacto = non-contact.

* ya hemos hablado bastante de = so much for.

* * *
I 1.
verbo auxiliar

Sentido I

1) ( en tiempos compuestos) to have

no han/habían llegado — they haven't/hadn't arrived

como se haya olvidado lo mato — if he's forgotten, I'll kill him!

¿se habrán perdido? — do you think they've o they might have got lost?

de haberlo sabido — had I known, if I'd known

deberías haberlo dicho! — you should have said so!

Sentido II

2)

a) (frml) (expresando obligación, necesidad)

haber de + inf — to have to + inf

ha de ser firmado por ambas partes — it has to o must be signed by both parties

b) ( expresando acción futura)

ha de llegar un día en que... — the day will come when...

c) (expresando probabilidad, certeza)

ha de ser tarde — it must be late

pero ¿sabes lo que dices? - no lo he de saber! — but do you know what you're saying? - of course I do!
2.
haber v impers

Sentido I

1) (existir, estar, darse)

hay una carta/varias cartas para ti — there's a letter/there are several letters for you

había un cliente esperando — there was a customer waiting

hubo dos accidentes — there were two accidents

¿qué tomarán de postre? - ¿hay helado? — what would you like for dessert? - do you have any ice cream?

¿cuántos kilómetros hay hasta Sevilla? — how many kilometers are there o is it to Seville?

no hay como un buen descanso — there's nothing like a good rest

no hay quien lo aguante — he's absolutely unbearable

hay quien piensa que... — there are those who feel that...

hubo varios heridos — several people were injured

las hay rojas y verdes — there are red ones and green ones

gracias - no hay de qué — thank you - don't mention it o not at all o you're welcome

no hay de qué preocuparse — there's nothing to worry about

hola ¿qué hay/hay de nuevo? — (fam) hello, how are things/what's new?

es un poco largo - ¿qué hay? — (CS fam) it's rather long - so what?

¿qué hubo? — (Andes, Méx, Ven fam) how are things?

¿qué hubo de lo de Jorge y Ana? — what happened with Jorge and Ana?

habérselas con alguien: tendrá que habérselas conmigo he'll have me to deal with; habido y por haber: todos los trucos habidos y por haber — every trick in the book (colloq)

Sentido II

2) ( ser necesario)

haber que + inf: hay que estudiar you/we/they must study; hubo que romperlo we/they had to break it; hay que decir algo something has to be said; había que verlo! you should have seen him!; no hay más que apretarlo all you have to do is press it; no hay que darle muy fuerte — ( no es necesario) you don't need o have to hit it too hard; ( no se debe) you mustn't hit it too hard

Sentido III

3) (liter) ( en expresiones de tiempo)

muchos años/mucho tiempo ha — many years/a long time ago
3.
haber vt habido -da participio pasado (frml) ( tenido)

los hijos habidos en el/fuera del matrimonio — children born in/out of wedlock (frml)
II
masculino

a) ( bienes) assets (pl)

b) ( en contabilidad) credit side

tener algo en su haber — (period) to have something to one's credit

c) haberes masculino plural (frml) (emolumentos, paga) income, earnings (pl)

los haberes que se le adeudan — moneys o monies owed to you (frml)

* * *

= be available, come in, there + be, there + have + been, be in place, accounts receivable.

Ex: This emphasis upon 'the work' reflects the packaging of text, information, music, graphics, and so on, and indicates to the subsequent user what packages are available for use or consultation.

Ex: Such records come in a variety of physical forms.

Ex: There are a relatively large number of documents under each heading.

Ex: Mr. Kilgour's publications are truly too voluminous to list; over a period of four decades, there have been few years in which he has not published.

Ex: Modular courses are already in place from which a student can pick and mix.

Ex: This software includes separate programs for general ledger: accounts receivable, accounts payable, payroll and inventory.

* deber haber ocurrido antes = be long overdue.

* debería haber = there + ought to be.

* en el haber de Uno = under + Posesivo + belt.

* en + Posesivo + haber = to + Posesivo + credit.

* en su haber = on the credit side.

* haber algo raro con = there + be + something fishy going on with.

* haber algo sospechoso con = there + be + something fishy going on with.

* haber bebido demasiado = be over the limit.

* haber decidido = be intent on.

* haber de muchos tipos = come in + all/many (sorts of) shapes and sizes.

* haber de muy diversos tipos = come in + all/many (sorts of) shapes and sizes.

* haber dinero de por medio = money + change hands.

* haber división de opiniones = be split on, opinion + be divided.

* haber división de opiniones entre los críticos = critics + be divided.

* haberes = assets, holdings.

* haber escasez de = be in short supply, be at a premium.

* haber existencias = be in stock.

* haber ganado la mitad de la batalla = be half the battle.

* haber ganado sólo la mitad de la batalla = be only half the battle.

* haber llegado = be upon us.

* haber muchísima diferencia = be in a different league.

* haber nacido en = be a native of.

* haber pasado por aquí antes = have been down this road before.

* haber poca duda de que = there + be + little doubt that.

* haber + que reconocer que = have to hand it to + Nombre.

* haber quórum = be quorate.

* haber recorrido mucho mundo = be well-travelled.

* haberse propuesto = be intent on.

* haber sido aceptado = be here to stay, have come + to stay.

* haber sido comprobado exhaustivamente = be thoroughly tested.

* haber terminado la jornada laboral = be off duty.

* haber todavía más = there + be + more to it than that.

* haber un aire de emoción = there + be + an air of excitement.

* haber un aire de expectación = there + be + an air of expectation.

* haber una transacción económica de por medio = money + change hands.

* haber un viento huracanado = wind + blow great guns.

* haber viajado mucho = be well-travelled.

* ha de ser + Participio = be to be + Participio.

* he = I've (I have).

* hubo una época en la que = there was a time when.

* lo que haya que de ser, será = que sera sera, what's meant to be, will be, whatever will be, will be.

* mientras haya existencias = while stocks last, subject to availability.

* no haber = be unavailable.

* no haber consecuencias = nothing + come of.

* no + haber + dos + Nombre que = no two + Nombre.

* no haber duda de que = there + be + no doubt that.

* no haber duda (que) = there + be + no question (that).

* no haber forma de = there + be + no way.

* no haber indicios de que = there + be + no indication that.

* no haber límites = there + be + no limit.

* no haber manera de = there + be + no way.

* no haber modo de = there + be + no means of.

* no haber mucha señal de que = there + be + little sign of.

* no haber muchas señales de que = there + be + little sign of.

* no + haber + nada como = there + be + nothing like.

* no haber nada de verdad en = there + be + any/no truth to.

* no + haber + nada malo en = there + be + nothing wrong in/with.

* no haber palabras para describirlo = beggar + description.

* no haber pero que valer = not take + no for an answer.

* no haber prisa = there + be + no hurry.

* no haber problemas = be fine.

* no haber señal de que = there + be + no sign of.

* no habiendo = in the absence of.

* no hay nada como = nothing beats....

* no hay nada mejor que = nothing beats....

* poner en el haber de = credit.

* sin haber contacto = non-contact.

* ya hemos hablado bastante de = so much for.

* * *

haber¹ [ E17 ]

v aux

A

(en los tiempos compuestos): no han/habían llegado they haven't/hadn't arrived

como se haya olvidado lo mato if he's forgotten, I'll kill him!

cuando/no bien hubo terminado ( liter); when/as soon as she had finished

¿se habrán perdido? do you think they've o they might have got lost?

no habrán tenido tiempo they probably haven't had time

¿quién hubiera pensado que llegaría tan lejos? whoever would have thought she'd get so far!

está arrepentida — ¡(que) lo hubiera pensado antes! she says she's sorry — she should have thought about it before!

yo también quería ir — ¡haberlo dicho! I wanted to go too — you should have said so!

de haberlo sabido te habría avisado had I known o if I'd known, I'd have told you

B

1 ( frml) (expresando obligación, necesidad) haber DE + INF:

el contrato ha de ser firmado por ambas partes the contract must be signed by both parties

hemos de averiguar qué sucedió we have to o must find out what happened

2 (expresando acción futura) haber DE + INF:

ha de llegar un día en que … the day will come when …

3 (expresando probabilidad, certeza) haber DE + INF:

ha de ser tarde it must be late

ya lo han de haber recibido they must have received it by now

pero ¿sabes lo que dices? — ¡no lo he de saber! but do you know what you're saying? — of course I do!

v impers

A

(existir, estar, darse): hay una carta/varias cartas para ti there's a letter/there are several letters for you

ha habido un cambio/varios cambios en el programa there has been a change/there have been several changes in the program

había un cliente/tres clientes esperando there was a customer/there were three customers waiting

ayer hubo un accidente/dos accidentes there was an accident/there were two accidents yesterday

no quiero que haya discusiones I don't want there to be any arguments

¿qué van a tomar de postre? — ¿hay helado? what would you like for dessert? — do you have any ice cream?

esta vez no hubo suerte, otra vez será we were unlucky o out of luck this time, maybe next time

¿cuántos kilómetros hay de Mérida a Sevilla? how many kilometers are there o is it from Mérida to Seville?

no hay día en que no tengan una discusión not a day goes by without their having an argument

no hay como un buen descanso cuando uno se siente así there's nothing like a good rest when you're feeling like that

no hay quien lo aguante he's absolutely unbearable

hay quien piensa que es un error there are those who feel it's a mistake

hubo or ( crit) hubieron varios heridos several people were injured

habíamos sólo tres niñas ( crit); we were the only three girls, there were only three of us girls ( colloq)

[ S ] hay leche fresca fresh milk sold o on sale here

las hay rojas y amarillas también there are o you can get red ones and yellow ones too

dijo que no había problemas pero los hay she said there weren't any problems but there are

¡no hay más que hablar! there's nothing more to be said! o that's my last word (on the subject)!

gracias — no hay de qué thank you — don't mention it o not at all o it's a pleasure o you're welcome

no hay de qué preocuparse there's nothing to worry about

hola ¿qué hay? ( fam); hello, how are things?

¿qué hay de nuevo? what's new?

es un poco largo — ¿qué hay? ¡lo acortamos! (CS fam); it's rather long — so what? we'll shorten it

¿qué hubo? (Col, Méx fam); how are things?

¿qué hubo de lo de Jorge y Ana? what happened with Jorge and Ana?

donde los/las haya: es listo/sinvergüenza donde los haya he's as clever/rotten as they come

habérselas con algn/algo: como vuelva por aquí tendrá que habérselas conmigo if he comes around here again he'll have me to deal with

habido y por haber: se conoce todos los trucos habidos y por haber she knows every trick in the book

he leído todo lo habido y por haber sobre el tema I've read absolutely everything there is to read on the subject

ser de lo que no hay ( fam): eres de lo que no hay, nunca más te confío un secreto you're the limit o you're unbelievable! I'm never going to tell you a secret again

B (ser necesario) haber QUE + INF:

va a haber que hacerlo it'll have to be done

hay que ser más optimista you/we/they must be more optimistic

hubo que tirar la puerta abajo we/they had to break the door down

me dijo que había que entregarlo el lunes he told me it had to be handed in on Monday

¡hay que ver qué genio tiene el mocito! well, well, he has got a temper, hasn't he!

¡hay que ver! ¡las cosas que uno tiene que aguantar! honestly! the things one has to put up with!

¡había que verlo allí jugando en la nieve! you should have seen him there playing in the snow!

no hay más que apretar el botón all you have to do is press the button

no hay que darle muy fuerte (no es necesario) you don't need to o you don't have to hit it too hard; (no se debe) you mustn't hit it too hard

C ( liter)

(en expresiones de tiempo): muchos años/mucho tiempo ha many years/a long time ago

años ha que no sé nada de él I haven't heard from him for years

vt

habido, -da

pp ( frml) (tenido): los hijos habidos fuera del matrimonio children born out of wedlock ( frml)

cuatro hijos habidos de dos padres distintos four children born of two different fathers

haber²

masculine

A (bienes) assets (pl)

varias fincas forman parte de su haber his assets include various properties

B (en contabilidad) credit side

tener algo en su haber ( period): tiene en su haber varios premios literarios he has several literary prizes to his credit

ya tiene cuatro robos en su haber he has already notched up four robberies

C haberes mpl ( frml)

(emolumentos, paga): los haberes que se le adeudan moneys o monies owed to you ( frml)

los haberes del mes de diciembre income o earnings for the month of December

* * *

haber 1 ( conjugate haber) v aux ( en tiempos compuestos) to have;
◊ no habían llegado they hadn't arrived;

de haberlo sabido had I known, if I'd known;
¡deberías haberlo dicho! you should have said so!
haber v impers (existir, estar, darse): hay una carta/varias cartas para ti there's a letter/there are several letters for you;
¿hay un banco por aquí? is there a bank near here?;
hubo dos accidentes there were two accidents;
¿hay helado? do you have any ice cream?;
no hay como un buen descanso there's nothing like a good rest;
hubo varios heridos several people were injured;
las hay rojas y verdes there are red ones and green ones;
gracias — no hay de qué thank you — don't mention it o not at all o you're welcome;
no hay de qué preocuparse there's nothing to worry about;
¿qué hay de nuevo? (fam) what's new?;
hola ¿qué hay? (fam) hello, how are things?;
¿qué hubo? (Andes, Méx, Ven fam) how are things?
( ser necesario) haber que + inf:
◊ hay que estudiar you/we/they must study;

hubo que romperlo we/they had to break it;
no hay que lavarlo ( no es necesario) you don't need o have to wash it;

( no se debe) you mustn't wash it
haber 2 sustantivo masculino
a) ( bienes) assets (pl)

b) ( en contabilidad) credit side

c)

◊ haberes sustantivo masculino plural (frml) ( ingresos) income, earnings (pl)

haber
I verbo auxiliar
1 (en tiempos compuestos) to have: espero que no lo haya hecho, I hope he hasn't done it
lo he comido todo, I've eaten it all
lo hubiera hecho de todos modos, she would have done it anyway
II verbo impersonal
1 (existir, estar, hallarse) hay, there is o are
había, there was o were: hay poco que decir, there is little to be said
había muchísima gente en la estación, there were a lot of people in the station
hay cien metros de mi casa a la estación, it's a hundred metres from my home to the station
2 (ocurrir, suceder) la guerra que hubo en el 36, the war that took place in 36
habrá una reunión, there will be a meeting
hoy hay fiesta en el club náutico, there's a party today in the sailing club
los robos habidos en este barrio, the robberies which have been committed in this neighbourhood
III ( haber de + infinitivo) (obligación) to have to: has de ser más estudioso, you must be more studious
( haber que + infinitivo) (conveniencia, necesidad u obligación) it is necessary to: habrá que ir, we will have to go
habría que pintar el salón, we should paint the living room
hay que hacerlo, you must do it
IV nm
1 Fin credit 2 en su haber, in his possession
figurado in his favour
V mpl haberes, (bienes) assets
(salario) wages
♦ Locuciones: había una vez..., once upon a time...
no hay de qué, you're welcome o don't mention it
Hay que tener mucho cuidado al traducir este verbo, ya que el inglés diferencia entre el singular y el plural: Hay un hombre fuera. There is a man outside. Hay dos hombres fuera. There are two men outside. Había un gato en el tejado. There was a cat on the roof. Había muchos libros. There were a lot of books.
' haber' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abundar
- apencar
- comprobante
- contrapartida
- deber
- dolo
- estrechamiento
- ir
- gravedad
- llevarse
- localmente
- parecer
- perdón
- pesar
- ropa
- satisfacción
- sobrar
- tirada
- acusar
- altura
- con
- encantado
- existir
- faltar
- habrá
- hay
- he
- hube
- lo
- los
- poder
- quedar
- seguir
English:
awfully
- be
- catch
- credit side
- deny
- doghouse
- earth
- have
- hotly
- life
- limit
- party
- point-blank
- recollect
- regret
- remember
- save
- still
- thank
- there
- through
- wish
- achievement
- anticipate
- apologize
- but
- could
- expect
- further
- likely
- mean
- mercy
- might
- must
- name
- otherwise
- ought
- over
- report
- should
- sorry
- suggest
- will

* * *

haber¹

♦ v aux

1. [en tiempos compuestos] to have;

lo he/había hecho I have/had done it;

los niños ya han comido the children have already eaten;

no he estado en la India I haven't been to India;

en el estreno ha habido mucha gente there were a lot of people at the première

2. [expresa reproche]
haber venido antes you could have come a bit earlier;

¡haberlo dicho! why didn't you say so?;

haberme escuchado I told you (so), you should have listened to me;

de haberlo sabido… if only I'd known…

3. [expresa obligación]
haber de hacer algo to have to do sth;

has de estudiar más you have to study more;

he de llamarle I ought to call him;

ha de llegar un día en el que todo se arregle there's bound to come a time when everything gets sorted out;

siempre has de ser tú el que se queje you always have to be the one to complain

♦ v impersonal

1. [existir, estar]
hay there is/are;

hay un regalo para ti there's a present for you;

hay dos árboles en la plaza there are two trees on the square;

hay mucha gente en la calle there are a lot of people in the street;

había/hubo muchos problemas there were a lot of problems;

no hubo tal penalty it wasn't a penalty;

habrá dos mil [expresa futuro] there will be two thousand;
[expresa hipótesis] there must be two thousand;
los hay de distintas tallas they come in different sizes;

¿cuánto hay de aquí a Santiago? how far is it from here to Santiago?;

hay quien opina que… there are those who think that…;

es un caballero como hay pocos he's that rare thing, a real gentleman;

es un artista donde los haya he's as good an artist as you'll find;

algo habrá cuando todo el mundo habla de ello if everyone's talking about it there must be something in it;

(todo) lo habido y por haber everything under the sun;

gracias – no hay de qué thank you – don't mention it;

no hay día (en) que no haya algún accidente a day doesn't go by without there being some kind of accident;

no hay más que apretar el botón simply press the button;

no hay nada como una buena comida there's nothing like a good meal;

no hay nadie como ella there's no one like her;

no hay quien lo entienda there's no understanding him;

no hay más que hablar there is no more to be said;

¡hay que ver! well I never!;

no hay más que ver lo feliz que está you just have to see how happy she is;

¡eres de lo que no hay! you're unbelievable!

2. [expresa obligación]
hay que hacer más ejercicio one o you should do more exercise;

hay que comer para vivir we must eat in order to live;

hay que esforzarse más, Luis you need to try harder, Luis;

no hay que apretar tanto there's no need to press so hard;

creo que había que contárselo I think we ought to tell him;

¡aquello había que verlo! you should have seen it!;

habrá que soportar su mal humor we'll have to put up with his bad mood

3. Fam [en preguntas]
¿qué hay? [saludo] how are you doing?;
CSur [¿qué importa?] so (what)?, big deal!;
¿qué hay de nuevo? what's new?;
CSur
está lloviendo -- ¿y qué hay?, estamos en auto it's raining -- so what? we're in the car;
CAm, Col, Méx, Ven
¿qué hubo? [saludo] how are you doing?

4. Literario [hacer]
tres meses ha que marchó it is three months since she left

♦ vt
Formal [tener]
el abuelo, que Dios haya en su gloria,… grandfather, God rest his soul,…;

los hijos habidos en el matrimonio the children from the marriage

♦ See also the pronominal verb haberse

* * *

haber

I v/aux

1 en tiempos compuestos have;

hemos llegado we’ve arrived;

lo he oído I’ve heard it;

¿la ha visto? has he seen her?

2 expresando obligación, deber

:

he de levantarme pronto I have to o I’ve got to get up early

3

:

de haberlo sabido if I’d known;

has de ver Méx you have o

ought to see it;

habérselas con alguien have it out with s.o.;

años ha lit years ago

II v/ impers

1 ( existir)

:

hay there is sg, there are pl ;

hubo un incendio there was a fire;

había mucha gente there were a lot of people;

hoy no hay clase there aren’t any lessons today, school is closed today;

ya no hay más there’s none left; there are none left;

no hay como … there’s nothing like …;

esto es de lo que no hay this is the limit!

2 expresando obligación, deber

:

hay que hacerlo it has to be done;

no hay de qué not at all, don’t mention it;

no hay más que decir there’s nothing more to be said;

no hay que pagar para entrar you don’t have to pay to go in;

no hay que hablar con la boca llena you mustn’t o shouldn’t talk with your mouth full

3

:

¿qué hay?, Méx

¿qué hubo? how’s it going?, what’s happening?;

es ingenioso donde los haya he’s as ingenious as they come

III m asset; pago fee;

tiene en su haber 50.000 pesos she’s 50,000 pesos in credit;

haberes pl ( bienes) assets; ( sueldo) salary sg

* * *

haber {39} v aux

1) : have, has

no ha llegado el envío: the shipment hasn't arrived

2)

haber de : must

ha de ser tarde: it must be late

haber v impers

1)

hay : there is, there are

hay dos mensajes: there are two messages

¿qué hay de nuevo?: what's new?

2)

hay que : it is necessary

hay que trabajar más rápido: you have to work faster

haber nm

1) : assets pl

2) : credit, credit side

3) haberes nmpl

: salary, income, remuneration

* * *

haber vb

1. (verbo auxiliar) to have

lo he hecho I've done it

¿has comido? have you eaten?

ya la había visto he'd already seen it

habían acabado they had finished

2. (existir, tener lugar) there is / there are

hay un gato en el tejado there's a cat on the roof

hay unas 40 personas there are about 40 people

hubo un accidente there was an accident

habrá una fiesta there will be a party

haber de to have to

he de salir I have to go out

haber que to have to

hay que hacer más deporte you have to do more exercise

no hay de qué you're welcome

¿qué hay? how are things?

Spanish-English dictionary > haber
16 contra

contrā, adv. and prep. [stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs ea, qua, etc.; cf.: ultra, intra, extra, citra], orig., in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.
I.
Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).
A.
Local.
1.
Lit., of position in front of a person, place, or thing.
a.
With verb of being or position expressed or understood.
(α).
Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.):
feminam scelestam te, adstans contra, contuor,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 26:
ut confidenter mihi contra adstitit,
id. Capt. 3, 5, 6; Lucr. 4, 223; 6, 929:
signum contra, quoad longissume oculi ferebant, animo finivit,
Liv. 1, 18, 8:
stat contra starique jubet,
Juv. 3, 290:
stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina Fures!
Mart. 1, 55, 12:
ulmus erat contra,
in front of her, Ov. M. 14, 661:
templa vides contra,
in front (of us), id. ib. 7, 587.—Of position in front of the enemy:
contra conserta manu,
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3: contra consistere, to make front against them, Caes. B. G. 2, 17.—
(β).
Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly post-Aug.):
contra jacet Cancer patulam distentus in alvum,
Manil. 2, 253:
posita contra Hispania,
Tac. Agr. 11:
promuntorium quod contra procedit,
Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6: relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, i. e. of the leaf, Quint. 10, 3, 32: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; v. II. A. 1. c. a), Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161.—With the governing verb understood:
arguam hanc vidisse apud te contra conservum meum,
face to face, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:
jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, Liv 5, 37, 8: eadem verba contra (i. e. ponuntur),
side by side, Quint. 9, 3, 36; Verg. A. 6, 23.—
b.
With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.
(α).
Referring to persons:
accede ad me atque adi contra,
come right up to me, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plaut. hostility is not implied in contra), id. Am. 1, 1, 84: quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Mull. (Trag. Rel. v. 444 Rib.); Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 55 (Trag. Rel. v. 538 ib.):
adspicedum contra me = contra adspice me,
Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 56 Lorenz ad lec.:
contra adspicere,
id. Mil. 2, 1, 45:
contra intueri,
Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8; Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 6:
cum veniret contra Marcianus,
Quint. 6, 3, 95; Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 152.—
(β).
Of things:
hic ubi sol radiis... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,
Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1:
quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres... perfregere,
Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.—
2.
Transf. to equivalents of weight, value, and price; so,
(α).
In Plaut. only in the colloq. phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); lit., for gold placed against; cf.:
aes contrarium, s. v. contrarius: (servus) non carus'st auro contra,
at his weight in gold, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30: jam auro contra constat filius, id. Truc. 2, 6, 57 (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam, id. Curc. 1, 3, 45 sq.; id. Mil. 3, 1, 63; 4, 2, 85; id. Ps. 2, 3, 23.—
(β).
In post-Aug. prose (very rare):
at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
3.
Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, etc., part, likewise, counter-.
(α).
In gen.:
te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:
quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,
id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110:
qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,
make a victorious counter-charge, id. Mil. 2, 2, 37:
si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54:
audi nunc contra jam,
listen in turn, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23:
at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,
you likewise seem fortunate to me, id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21:
Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,
Liv. 1, 28, 1:
contra ut me diligat illa,
Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit:
cui latrans contra senex,
Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:
scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.—
Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,
Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.:
contra talia reddit,
Claud. B. Gild. 379.—
(β).
With dat. pers.:
consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45:
facere contra huic aegre,
Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10:
hiscine contra insidiabere?
id. Hec. 1. 1, 13:
tibi contra gratiam Referre,
id. ib. 4, 2, 7.—
(γ).
With item:
item a me contra factum est,
Plaut. Aul. prol. 20:
puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,
id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.—
(δ).
Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. a, and b. a): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words ( face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt;
Consonat terra,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86:
confer gradum Contra pariter,
id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28:
video amicam... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,
id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243:
vesper adest, juvenes consurgite!... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!
Cat. 62, 6.—
(ε).
Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20:
si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,
what counter gift, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 (6), 19, 5:
si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1;
Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,
to bid in opposition, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6:
agedum pauca accipe contra,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle:
Numidae... Romanorum ordines conturbare... neque contra feriundi copia erat,
Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies:
oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,
Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213:
dicit accusator haec: primum, etc.... quid contra reus?
id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.
B.
Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.
1.
Of physical exertion.
(α).
Lit.:
concurrunt... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,
struggling against each other, Lucr. 6. 98:
nec nos obniti contra... Sufficimus,
bear up, battle against, Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434:
at ille contra nititur,
resists, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82:
pars remigum, tamquam imperitia... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,
rowed in an opposite direction, Tac. H. 4, 16.—
(β).
Trop.:
te rogo ne contrahas ac demittas animum, neque te obrui tamquam fluctu... sinas, contraque erigas ac resistas,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:
et torrens judicem vel nitentem contra feret, cogatque ire qua rapiet,
Quint. 12, 10, 61.— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato ap. Gell. 7 (6), 3, 16.—With quominus, Lucr. 1, 780.—
2.
Of mental exertion:
si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,
arm yourself against them, Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.:
siti contra... pugnandum,
Cels. 4, 2 fin. —
3.
Of hostile opposition in gen.
(α).
Lit.:
quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,
who made opposition in every way, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:
contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,
something inimical, id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.—
(β).
Trop.:
aut alio quovis (sc. colore) qui contra pugnet et obstet,
Lucr. 2, 794; 2, 868.—
4.
Of warfare.
(α).
Lit.:
ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,
Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.:
quid quod exercitum contra duxit?
Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:
ut si qua ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructa depugnarent,
if they should be attacked by an open charge, Caes. B. G. 7, 28:
issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum... audissent,
Liv. 7, 39, 17:
cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,
would oppose their march, Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.:
et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,
Tac. A. 11, 10.—
(β).
Trop.:
quod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur, velut adversus communem hostem,
Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.—
5.
Of legal contests.
(α).
With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.—
(β).
Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary:
quid? si omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior quam hic C. Claudius... fuit? si de litteris corruptis contra venit, etc.?
if he made a charge of forgery against him? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107; cf. II. B. c. b.—
(γ).
On the part of the adversary:
inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,
Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.—
(δ).
Of judgments against the parties or against opinions:
ne spoliaret fama probatum hominem si contra judicasset,
given an adverse decision, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; cf. Val. Max. 7, 2, 4; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—
6.
Of literary opposition.
(α).
Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. g.—
(β).
With other verbs:
astrologorum artem contra convincere tendit,
Lucr. 5, 728:
contra nunc illud pone, etc.,
Sen. Ben. 7, 14, 6:
habeat (liber meus) etiam quosdam qui contra sentiant et adversentur,
some dissentients and opponents, Quint. 3, 1, 5; 2, 17, 40; 3, 8, 69.—
7.
Of public and political opposition.
(α).
With verbs of saying; v. 9. a. d.—
(β).
With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another:
nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,
no office was left for which to canvass against each other, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:
honores contra petere,
Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.:
pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,
Tac. A. 14, 45.—
8.
Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153:
si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,
and if the contract was violated, Dig. 18, 1, 56.—
9.
With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).
a.
Absol.
(α).
Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings:
cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,
would speak on the other side, Cic. Quint. 24, 77:
hoc... contra dicente Cotta judicatum est,
id. Caecin. 33, 97:
dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,
id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary:
contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,
Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, [p. 453] Quint. 4, 1, 8.—
(β).
To make charges against (rare):
si qui contra vellet dicere, usurum esse eum suo testimonio,
Cic. Clu. 48, 134:
qua ratione nemo neque tum item fecerit, neque nunc contra dicat,
id. Quint. 29, 88; so,
contra disputare, of objections to or against a witness: nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit,
id. Fl. 21, 51.—
(γ).
In gen., to speak on the other side of a question:
fiebat autem ita, ut cum is qui audire vellet dixisset quid sibi videretur, tum ego contra dicerem,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; id. Fin. 2, 1, 2; so,
contra disputare and contra scribere,
id. Or. 1, 19, 85; Vitr. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 2, 17, 13; Dig. 9, 2, 21, § 1.—Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents:
nec qui contra dicunt causam difficilem repellunt,
Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2:
ad coarguendos qui contra disputant,
to refule his opponents, Quint. 2, 15, 26.—
(δ).
To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition:
quam palam principes dixerunt contra!
protested against it, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare:
cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,
Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:
filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,
the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87:
contradicente nullo,
Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—
(ε).
To reply:
contradixit edicto,
answered by an edict, Suet. Aug. 56. —
(ζ).
Abl. absol. impers.:
explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,
whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest, Dig. 1, 3, 34.—
b.
With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings:
ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,
Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:
ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,
id. Fin. 5, 10, 27:
aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,
id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections:
ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),
refute the objections, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90:
quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, orum, n. plur.:
seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,
or refute the objections, Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.:
dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,
the objection is made that there is no testament, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.—
c.
With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).
(α).
To oppose a person by speaking against his views:
solitum se etiam Thraseae contradicere,
to oppose even Thrasea, Tac. H. 2, 91:
tibi,
Suet. Aug. 54:
Curioni...,
id. Rhet. 1. —Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, etc., he may be answered by this plea, etc., Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views:
volenti mihi ream adulterii postulare eam, etc., contradictum est,
my views were disapproved, rejected, Dig. 48, 5, 11, § 10.—
(β).
To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing:
cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,
opposed the opinions, Tac. H. 1, 39.—
(γ).
To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner:
patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,
the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 81:
cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,
Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.—
(δ).
With dat. of the petition:
preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,
which could not be denied, Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—
(ε).
To contest the validity of a law (rare):
quibus (legibus) contradici potest,
Quint. 7, 7, 4.—
(ζ).
To contradict an assertion (very rare):
pro certis autem habemus... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,
Quint. 5, 10, 13.—
d.
With quin, to object:
praetor Samnitibus respondit... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,
there was no objection to a reconciliation, Liv. 8, 2, 2.
C.
To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.;
but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,
Quint. 7, 3, 14:
cum verba (legis) contra sint,
id. 7, 1, 49:
sed experimentum contra fuit,
unsuccessful, Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:
ubi fortuna contra fuit,
id. ib. 3, 18:
si fortuna contra daret,
should be unfavorable, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.
D.
Of logical opposition, with negative force.
1.
Of a direct contrast.
a.
Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite:
quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,
but experience teaches that just the contrary is true, Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088:
in stultitia contra est,
with fools the reverse is true, Cic. Clu. 31, 84:
in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),
id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49:
quod contra est,
Sall. J. 85, 21:
quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4:
contra fore si, etc.,
ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2:
immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),
ib. 41, 3, 49:
ego contra puto (i. e. esse),
Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.—
b.
With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, etc.:
utrumque contra accidit: istic enim bellum est exortum, hic pax consecuta,
of both the contrary has happened, Cic. Fam. 12, 18, 2; so Dig. 38, 2, 51:
id ego contra puto (sc.: faciendum esse),
id. Att. 10, 8, 2:
contra evenit in iis morbis,
Sen. Ep. 52, 7; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 163:
ego contra sentio,
Sen. Clem. 1, 15, 5; Sedig. ap. Gell. 15, 24, 4; Dig. 40, 2, 25:
Proculus contra (sc. sentit),
ib. 35, 2, 1, § 14; 33, 7, 25:
licet Celsus contra scribat,
ib. 9, 2, 21, § 1: contra probatur, Gai Inst. 2, 78; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 34.—Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause:
cujus disparem mitioremque naturam contra interpretabatur,
interpreted in an opposite sense, misinterpreted, misunderstood, Tac. H. 4, 86 fin. —
c.
Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.
(α).
To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.:
nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,
Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.;
quod contra, id turpe,
id. Off. 1, 27, 94:
sit sapienter usus aut contra,
Quint. 2, 5, 15:
lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),
Col. 11, 3, 25.—
(β).
To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.:
ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,
improbable, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:
quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,
id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.—
(γ).
To a verbal predicate:
an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),
Dig. 34, 5, 19.—
(δ).
To a subject infinitive:
laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,
praising or censuring a witness, Quint. 3, 7, 2.—
(ε).
To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative:
quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quadam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,
those that were not, not, Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse;
mihi contra,
id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filia commissum? Et contra, veneficum in noverca, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—
(ζ).
To an attributive genitive:
Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),
Sall. J. 88, 2:
verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),
Quint. 2, 4, 21:
alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,
the accuser and the accused, id. 7, 2, 31;
so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,
Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.—
2.
Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versa, etc.
a.
With its own predicate: saepe... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex alia laetamur parte latenti;
Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,
Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., ( proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24:
quae etiam contra valent,
i. e. if the terms are reversed, id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.—
b.
Belonging to the same predicate:
ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,
Cic. Or. 36, 123:
cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,
Dig. 35, 2, 48:
in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,
Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71:
junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,
id. 1, 5, 68:
ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,
but with mares the reverse is the case, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:
itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,
Cic. Or. 42, 143:
qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,
or vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.
E.
In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).
1.
In independent clauses.
a.
Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse... perhibent philosophi... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1:
ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:
ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:
in Italia bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro... Hannibal contra in aliena, in hostili est terra,
Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11:
contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?
Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214;
so with versa vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt... Contra Macedones versa vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,
Just. 13, 1, 7.—
b.
Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum;
contra in aridiore hordeum potius quam far,
Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; 1, 1, 47: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum;
nisi contra corpora certe Essent, etc., Omne quod est spatium vacuum constaret inane,
Lucr. 1, 521; 4, 348; cf.:
justa omnia decora sunt, injusta contra, ut turpia, sic indecora,
Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. N. D. 2, 15, 41; id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; id. Quint. 30, 93: id. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2: facilem esse rem... si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31; Liv. 25, 30, 3; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 2; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 92; 11, 14, 14, § 35; Suet. Caes. 73; Gell. 1, 4, 5:
si male rem gerere insani est, contra bene, sani,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 74.—
2.
In opposition to a dependent clause:
ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39:
cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,
Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4:
cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,
Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.:
at contra,
Lucr. 2, 392.—
3.
With co-ordinate conjunctions.
a.
Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.
(α).
With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti... omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli [p. 454]... tam dedecet quam, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:
malus est enim custos... metus, contraque benevolentia fidelis,
id. ib. 2, 7, 23:
cum reficiat animos varietas ipsa, contraque sit aliquanto difficilius in labore uno perseverare,
Quint. 1, 12, 4; 3, 8, 32; 8, 6, 20:
itaque in probris maxime in promptu est, si quid tale dici potest, etc. Contraque in laudibus, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf. Suet. Calig. 51; so with nec:
nam nec comoedia cothurnis assurgit, nec contra tragoedia socculo ingreditur,
Quint. 10, 2, 22.—
(β).
With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic:
audivi ex majoribus natu, hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasica, contraque patrem ejus... nullam comitatem habuisse sermonis,
Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:
ut suspitionibus credi oportere, et contra suspitionibus credi non oportere,
id. Inv. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 8, 4, 1; 5, 10, 48; 9, 3, 7; 9, 4, 52; 11, 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 82, 14; Dig. 17, 1, 22, § 4.—
(γ).
With contrasted actions, assumptions, etc.:
atque utinam qui ubique sunt propugnatores hujus imperii possent in hanc civitatem venire, et contra oppugnatores rei publicae de civitate exterminari!
Cic. Balb. 22, 51:
domo pignori data, et area ejus tenebitur... et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,
Dig. 13, 7, 21:
equo et asina genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos quos asini et equae generassent,
Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 17: ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai Inst. 4, 109; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161; 35, 15, 5, § 183.—
(δ).
After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary:
in quo (consulatu) ego imperavi nihil, et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui,
Cic. Sull. 7, 21:
nunc vero cum ne pulsus quidem ita sim ut superare non possim, contraque a populo Romano semper sim defensus, etc.,
id. Dom. 33, 88; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Marcell. 6, 20; so,
et contra,
Suet. Tit. 7.—
b.
With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).
(α).
At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore;
At contra taetri absinthi natura... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,
Lucr. 2, 400:
cogunt,
id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur;
at contra nobis tu quidem... prae nobis beatus,
Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5:
ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.—
(β).
Sed contra, after a negative sentence (class.):
non quo acui ingenia adulescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui,
Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 93; id. Att. 9, 15, 3; id. Ac. 1, 10, 35; id. Fl. 11, 26:
arma populi Romani non liberis servitutem, sed contra servientibus libertatem adferre,
Liv. 45, 18, 1:
tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,
Verg. A. 6, 95; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12.—PostAug. also without a preceding negation:
obiisse nostro Laium scelere autumant superi inferique: sed animus contra innocens... negat,
Sen. Oedip. 765; Symm. Ep. 6, 81.—
(γ).
Contra autem (rare;
in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,
Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone:
sub septemtrione aedificia... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem... sunt facienda,
Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.—
(δ).
Contra vero (very rare;
not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,
Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin. —
(ε).
Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.—
c.
With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).
(α).
Aut contra:
num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?
Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18:
si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,
Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—
(β).
Vel contra:
hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit... quia magistratus?
Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.—
(γ).
Seu contra:
seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,
Prop. 1, 11, 25.—
d.
With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare;
never contra enim): falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,
Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23. —
4.
In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra,
(α).
In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.):
aliis vero econtra videtur,
Hier. Ep. 12.—
(β).
Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.):
honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,
Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.—
5.
With emphatic particles.
a.
Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies);
not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos... neminem plebeium,
Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.—
b.
Immo contra (post-Aug.).
(α).
= no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue:
existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates?... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,
Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.—
(β).
= sed contra, but on the contrary:
proinde ne submiseris te, immo contra fige stabilem gradum,
Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6; id. Cons. Polyb. 15, 2; cf. prep.:
immo contra ea,
Liv. 41, 24, 8; cf. II. E. 1. b. infra.—
c.
Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare):
quoniam... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. g supra.
F.
With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. g, and II. E. 2. infra.
1.
Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.
(α).
With atque:
item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,
Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:
simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69:
judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,
Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.—
(β).
With ac:
itaque contra est ac dicitis,
Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41:
vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,
id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137:
cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,
id. Phil. 11, 13, 34:
Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, etc.,
Sall. C. 60, 5.—
(γ).
With ac and atque:
si denique aliquid non contra ac liceret factum diceretur, sed contra atque oporteret,
Cic. Balb. 3, 7.—
(δ).
With quam (post-Aug.):
cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,
Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 (7), 8, 6:
contra quam licet,
id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.—
2.
Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. g infra); so always with quam:
mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,
contrary to the divine law, Cic. Clu. 5, 12:
ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,
contrary to its own resolution, id. Pis. 8, 18:
contra quam ista causa postulasset,
id. Caecin. 24, 67:
contra quam sanctum legibus est,
Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122:
contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,
Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.
II.
Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. b, and I. A. 1. b. a supra).
A.
Local uses.
1.
Opposite, over against, facing.
a.
Of countries and places (mostly of those separated by water;
adversus and e regione mostly of places opposite by land): insulae natura triquetra, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,
Caes. B. G. 5, 13; 3, 9; 4, 20:
ad insulam quae est contra Massiliam,
id. B. C. 1, 56; 3, 23:
Rhodios, pacatis contra insulam suam terris, etc.,
Liv. 37, 15, 7; 3, 26, 8:
Carthago Italiam contra,
Verg. A. 1, 13; 5, 124; Ov. M. 14, 17:
insulae quae contra Tauri promuntorium inopportune navigantibus objacent, Chelidoniae nominantur,
Mel. 2, 7; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 151; 6, 28, 32, § 152; 5, 7, 7, § 41; Tac. A. 3, 1; id. H. 2, 17.—
b.
Of the heavenly bodies:
donique (luna) eum (sc. solem) contra pleno bene lumine fulsit,
Lucr. 5, 708:
contra Volucris rostrum posita est Lyra,
Vitr. 9, 4, 5; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9; 1, 8, 3; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 5, 10, 10, § 56.—So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite ( facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, etc.), facing the south and east, Plin. 6, 24, 24, § 85; 17, 2, 2, § 22. —So of a person standing in the sunlight:
cum minima umbra (i. e. a sole) contra medium fiet hominem,
Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327; cf.:
contra mediam faciem meridies erit,
id. 18, 33, 76, § 326.—
c.
Of opposite ends of a line.
(α).
Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contraria parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123.—
(β).
Of a line drawn:
contra autem E littera I erit ubi secat circinationem linea,
opposite the point E will be the letter I, Vitr. 9, 7, 4.—
d.
Of buildings, etc.:
contra hoc aviarium est aliud minus in quo quae mortuae sunt aves curator servare solet,
Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; Vitr. 5, 6, 3; 3, 5, 15:
(statuam) quae fuerit contra Jovis Statoris aedem in vestibulo Superbi domus,
Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:
contra medium fere porticum diaeta paulum recedit,
Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20; 2, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 44.—
e.
Of places on the human body:
id quod contra stomachum est,
Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7;
4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea... contra medium alvum orsa,
Cels. 4, 1 fin. —
2.
Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.:
adversus, ad, e regione,
Caes. B. G. 7, 61).
a.
In gen.:
quamvis subito... quamque Rem contra speculum ponas, apparet imago,
Lucr. 4, 156: Democritus... clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4:
et contra magnum potes hos (i.e. oculos) attollere solem, Nec tremis...?
Prop. 1, 15, 37; Col. 7, 3, 8:
rex constiterat contra pedites,
Curt. 10, 9, 13; 9, 5, 1:
ne contra septentrionem paveris,
Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330; 28, 6, 19, § 69:
contra solem varie refulgens,
placed in the sun, id. 37, 10, 63, § 173; 10, 54, 75, § 151; 37, 6, 22, § 83;
37, 7, 25, § 95: cum terrestres volucres contra aquam clangores dabunt,
id. 18, 35, 87, § 363; 19, 8, 39, § 131.—
b.
Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility):
(Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,
towards, Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose:
lege Cornelia de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,
Dig. 48, 8, 4.—
c.
Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.—
d.
Against an opposing action, etc.:
contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,
Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5:
cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,
Vitr. 1, 6, 8:
ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,
Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54:
contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,
id. 35, 14, 48, § 169:
capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,
id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. [p. 455] — Trop.:
contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,
Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.:
contra stimulum calces,
kick against the pricks, Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.—
e.
Of local actions with hostile intent.
(α).
Lit.:
quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?
Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12:
Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),
id. Att. 15, 20, 3:
pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,
to face you, id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26:
a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,
id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62:
Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,
Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood:
terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,
i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite, Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.—
(β).
Trop.:
castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata,
Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Mil. 1, 2; Quint. 7, 7, 5:
tum contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,
will be as a rival against this Rome, Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 86:
cui rationi contra homines barbaros atque imperitos locus fuisset, hac ne ipsum quidem sperare, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40:
(Cicero) plerumque contra inimicos atque obtrectatores plus vindicat sibi,
when fronting adversaries, Quint. 11, 1, 23.—
f.
In partic.
(α).
Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose:
quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,
Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7:
contra populi studium,
Cic. Brut. 34, 126:
contra civium perditorum... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causa,
id. ib. 79, 273; so,
a mendacio contra veritatem,
id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:
contra cives in acie,
id. Att. 16, 11, 2:
et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,
opposite, Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414:
haec enim (ratio) sola... stat contra fortunam,
Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin. —
(β).
Contra aliquem ire:
aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,
Stat. Th. 9, 16.— Trop.:
uti contra injurias armati eatis,
Sall. J. 31, 6:
interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,
Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. b infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.—
3.
Transf.,
a.
To persons placed together for comparison:
C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,
Quint. 10, 1, 114:
CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,
Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.—
b.
To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.
(α).
Lit. (very rare):
quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue... Si gravior est, leviorem rem... feret, etc.,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
(β).
Prop.:
cujus (i. e. generis humani) causa videtur cuncta alia genuisse natura, magna saeva mercede contra tanta sua munera,
Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 1:
qui amicus esse coepit quia expedit, placebit ei aliquod pretium contra amicitiam,
Sen. Ep. 9, 9:
numquam ulli fortiores cives fuerunt quam qui ausi sunt eum contra tantas opes ejus... condemnare,
Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:
tantum studium bonorum in me exstitisse, contra incredibilem contentionem clarissimi et potentissimi viri,
id. ib. 7, 2, 2; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:
nomen prorogans nostrum et memoriam extendens contra brevitatem aevi,
as a compensation for, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154.—So esp., valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:
(illa facta) pro periculo potius quam contra salutem valere debere,
Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; id. Off. 3, 29, 104:
contrane lucrum nil valere Pauperis ingenium?
Hor. Epod. 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 1; id. Cons. Helv. 5, 5; so,
robur habere contra: si contra unamquamlibet partem fortunae satis tibi roboris est,
id. ib. 13, 2;
so of counterchecks: in Creta decem qui cosmoe vocantur, ut contra consulare imperium tribuni plebis, sic illi contra vim regiam constituti,
Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58.—Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—Hence,
c.
Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summa Sacra Via ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter):
numcubi hic vides citrum... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,
superb, id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.):
oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,
Petr. 7, 6.—
d.
Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra:
contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 29:
contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,
Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4:
quae contra breviter fata est vates,
Verg. A. 6, 398:
contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,
Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).
B.
Denoting hostility or disadvantage.
1.
With verbs of hostile action.
a.
Of physical exertion:
pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,
Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22:
proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,
id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142. —
b.
Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere (rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, etc., not cum patria, etc.; cf.
bellum, II. A. 1. e.): a quo prohibitos esse vos contra Caesarem gerere bellum (opp. pro),
Cic. Lig. 8, 25; id. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. Ep. 129.—With bellum suscipere:
contra Antonium,
Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5; so,
contra patriam,
id. Sull. 20, 58:
pugnare contra patriam,
id. ib. 25, 70:
contra conjuges et liberos,
Sen. Ben. 5, 15, 5:
armatum esse contra populum Romanum,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—With arma ferre (freq.), Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 72; 13, 21, 47; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Nep. Att. 4, 2; Tib. 1, 6, 30; Ov. M. 4, 609; 13, 269; id. P. 1, 1, 26.—With arma sumere or capere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 7:
armis contendere contra,
Caes. B. G. 2, 13:
arma alicui dare (trop.),
Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 53:
aciem instruere (trop.),
Liv. 25, 4, 4:
exercitum comparare,
Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; 4, 1, 2:
exercitum instruere,
id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:
exercitum ducere and adducere,
id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; 3, 4, 11:
exercitum contra Philippum mittere,
id. Inv. 1, 12, 17:
naves ducere contra,
Hor. Epod. 4, 19:
ducere contra hostes,
Liv. 1, 27, 4:
florem Italiae educere contra,
Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:
proficisci contra,
to march against, Liv. 1, 11, 3; 8, 2, 5:
auxilium ferre Rutulis contra Latinos,
Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88:
juvare aliquem contra,
Caes. B. C. 1, 35:
consilium inire contra Sequanos,
to take hostile measures against, id. B. G. 6, 12.—
c.
Of legal contention (more freq. adversus, except with verbs of saying).
(α).
In gen., with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney:
cum agerem contra hominem disertissimum nostrae civitatis,
Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; id. Brut. 63, 226; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against:
(causam) quam receperam contra pueros Octavios,
Cic. Att. 13, 49, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 1.—Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against:
rogavit me Caecilius ut adessem contra Satrium,
Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 5 al.; cf.:
esse contra,
id. ib. 1, 18, 3.— Trop.: conquesturus venit;
at contra se adfuit et satisfacienti satisfecit,
Sen. Fragm. Amic. 14, 1, 89:
causam defendere contra,
against the accuser, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178:
statuere contra aliquem (sc. causam),
to establish a case against an adversary, id. Or. 10, 34:
actio competit contra,
Dig. 49, 14, 41:
querelam instituere contra,
ib. 5, 2, 21, § 1:
bonorum possessionem petere contra,
ib. 5, 2, 23:
jus obtinere contra,
Cic. Quint. 9, 34:
pugnare contra,
to struggle against the accuser, id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Verr. 1, 11, 33:
id quod mihi contra illos datum est,
i. e. a local advantage over, id. Tull. 14, 33:
judicare contra aliquem,
id. Fl. 20, 48; Dig. 21, 2, 55; 5, 2, 14; Just. Inst. 4, 17, 2:
pronuntiare contra,
Paul. Sent. 5, 34, 2: dare sententiam contra, Dig. 21, 2, 56, § 1:
decernere contra,
Cic. Fl. 31, 76:
appellare contra aliquem,
Dig. 49, 1, 3; 49, 5, 6; cf.:
contra sententiam,
Cod. Just. 7, 62, 32, § 2.—Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to:
cur vos (cum) aliquid contra me sentire dicatis, etc.,
Cic. Caecin. 27, 79.—
(β).
Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary:
quid tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter?
Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18; id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Phil. 8, 6, 18.—Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests:
contra rem suam me venisse questus est,
Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.—
(γ).
With dicere and other verbs of saying. (aa) Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer:
ipse ille Mucius, quid in illa causa cum contra te diceret, attulit quod? etc.,
Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244:
cum ille contra me pro Sex. Naevio diceret,
id. Brut. 60, 2, 7; id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45; id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. Planc. 2, 5; id. Brut. 26, 102; so,
causam dicere,
id. Or. 2, 23, 98:
causam perorare,
id. Quint. 24, 77.—(bb) Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 261; 3, 34, 138; 1, 14, 60; id. Or. 35, 123; Quint. 11, 1, 57; cf. with ellipsis of acc.:
quorum alter pro Aufldia, contra dixit alter,
id. 10, 1, 22.—(ng) Of a party against a lawyer:
si Gaditani contra me dicerent,
if the Gaditani were my adversaries, Cic. Balb. 17, 38.—(dd) Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them:
si decressent legationem quae contra istum diceret,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: contra testes dicere (opp. a testibus or pro testibus). Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:
testimonium in aliquem dicere,
id. Sull. 17, 48; Quint. 7, 4, 36):
contra juris consultos dicere,
against their legal opinions, Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—So of witnesses in scientific questions:
contra testes dicendum est,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 1.—(ee) Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against:
cum interrogamus adversarios... quid contra nos dici possit,
Auct. Her. 4, 23, 33:
tamenne vereris ut possis hoc contra Hortensium contendere?
Cic. Quint. 25, 78. —
d.
Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing:
cum scriberem contra Epicurios,
Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:
contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,
id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:
contra Brutum,
id. Tusc. 5, 8, 21:
contra Academiam,
id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Fin. 1, 1, 2; 5, 8, 22; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; 5, 30, 84; id. Ac. 2, 4, 17:
contra autem omnia disputatur a nostris,
id. Off. 2, 2, 8.—
e.
Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).
(α).
In gen.:
sentire contra,
Cic. Mil. 2, 5:
pugnare contra bonos,
id. Sull. 25, 71:
contra eos summa ope nitebatur nobilitas,
Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112:
(tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,
Liv. 39, 32, 12.—
(β).
Of political speaking:
cum (Cato) eo ipso anno contra Serv. Galbam ad populum summa contentione dixisset,
Cic. Brut. 20, 80; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1.—
f.
Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.:
adversus, in): inire consilia contra,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:
manum comparare contra aliquem,
id. Sull. 24, 68:
conjurationem facere,
id. ib. 4, 12:
congredi,
id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4:
aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,
Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3:
nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,
against her own offspring Ov. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. b infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:
eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,
operate against us, id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.:
homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?
Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70:
epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38:
disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,
to accuse, reproach a god, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.—
2.
Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut [p. 456] ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6:
licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,
injurious to, Quint. 4, 2, 75:
res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,
id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives:
nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,
Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112:
quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,
id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.—
3.
Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition:
Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?
or keep it against Caesar, Cic. Lig. 7, 23:
sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,
id. Att. 7, 5, 5:
judicium illud pecunia esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,
id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:
cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,
id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause:
fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,
in the suit against, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.—
4.
Dependent on adjectives (rare):
contra se ipse misericors,
to his own injury, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:
severissimus judex contra fures,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.—
5.
With nouns.
a.
Acc. to 1. b.:
ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,
Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.—
b.
Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).
(α).
Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor:
quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.:
Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,
Gell. 10, 15, 3; so,
haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221:
orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,
id. ib. 3, 56, 213.—
(β).
Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs:
unam orationem contra Gracchum reliquit,
Cic. Brut. 26, 99:
(Demosthenis) oratio contra Leptinem... contra Aeschinem falsae legationis,
id. Or. 31, 111; Gell. 10, 24, 10; 10, 18, 91; Cic. Brut. 46, 169; Quint. 12, 10, 61; Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 45; id. Brut. 44, 164; Gell. 13, 25 (24), 15; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 13; 11, 2, 25.—
c.
Acc. to 1. f.:
contra patres concitatio et seditio,
Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals:
contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,
Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.
C.
With inanimate and abstract objects.
1.
Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).
a.
Of physical or moral exertion:
cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,
Verg. A. 10, 567:
pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,
Cic. Sen. 11, 35:
contra verum niti,
Sall. J. 35, 8:
contra fortunam luctari,
Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—
b.
Of warfare (lit. and trop.):
bellum contra aras, focos, vitam fortunasque gerere,
Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:
bellum gerimus... contra arma verbis,
id. Fam. 12, 22, 1.—So of logical contradictions:
artificis autem est invenire in actione adversarii quae semet ipsa pugnent,
Quint. 5, 13, 30.—
c.
Of legal contention.
(α).
Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something:
contra argumenta, rumores, tabulas, quaestiones (opp. ab argumentis, etc.),
Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9 sqq.; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:
contra ratiocinationem,
id. Inv. 2, 50, 153: contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document, id. ib. 2, 47, 138; 2, 48, 143; id. Brut. 39, 145; Quint. 7, 7, 1:
contra caput dicere,
to plead against life, Cic. Quint. 13, 44 (cf.:
servum in caput domini interrogare,
Paul. Sent. 1, 1, 34; 5, 16, 5 and 8; 5, 46, 3): contra libertatem agere, Dig. 40, 12, 26.—Pregn.:
contra rerum naturam, contraque consuetudinem hominum dicere (opp. contra nos dicere),
Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 45.—
(β).
Of judicial decisions contradicting documents, etc.:
contra tabulas judicare,
Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 281:
contra testamentum,
Dig. 2, 17, § 1:
contra sententiam dicere,
ib. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—
(γ).
Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio (cf.:
inmittere in bona),
Dig. 38, 2, 3, § 6.—
d.
Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.
(α).
To contend that something is false:
dicere, disputare, disserere contra opinionem or sententiam,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 5, 19, 55; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67; id. Fin. 5, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 18, 60; Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 3; id. Ep. 87, 5; 102, 5 (cf.:
in sententiam dicere,
in support of an opinion, Caes. B. G. 1, 45):
contra sensus dicere,
Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101:
contra rhetoricen dicere,
Quint. 2, 17, 40.—
(β).
Of criticism, hostility to principles, etc.:
contra Iliadem et Odysseam scribere,
Vitr. 7, praef. 8:
contra quorum disciplinam ingenium ejus exarserat,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83.—
(γ).
Ethically:
contra voluptatem dicere,
that pleasure is a moral evil, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21:
contra mortem loqui,
that death is no evil, Sen. Ep. 82, 7;
in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,
id. ib. 100, 10:
contra fortunam gloriari,
that fortune has no power over him, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.—
e.
Of public and political acts and speeches:
contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,
Cic. Brut. 44, 164:
contra legem dicere or verba facere,
id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1:
rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de colonia deducenda),
Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.—
f.
Of hostility, injury, wrongs, etc.
(α).
In gen.:
senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,
directed against, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2:
contra rem publicam se commovere,
id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7:
incitari,
id. Sest. 47, 100:
consilia inire,
id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:
conjurationem facere,
Sall. C. 30, 6:
contra salutem urbis incitari,
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20:
cogitare aliquid contra salutem,
id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech:
esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,
id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91:
ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuria,
do not array yourself against equity, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.— Trop.:
quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),
Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.—
(β).
In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.:
si quis ad Antonium profectus esset... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,
Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so,
contra salutem rei publicae facere,
Cic. Dom. 38, 102:
contra majestatem,
against the emperor, Dig. 48, 4, 5:
contra leges,
Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121:
contra edictum (praetoris),
Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1:
contra foedus,
Cic. Balb. 6, 16:
contra jusjurandum ac fidem,
id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically:
tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?
Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.):
corpus in civitatem inferri non licet... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,
Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.—
2.
Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. g).
(α).
With esse expressed as the predicate:
hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,
Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:
contra leges or legem est,
Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67:
contra officium est,
id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.:
adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,
unfavorable to the formation of fire, Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.—
(β).
With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood:
scis hunc... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),
Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13:
aliquid contra animum audiendi,
something against our liking, Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere:
si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2. —
(γ).
Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est:
Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,
Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—
3.
Adverbially with the predicate.
(α).
In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.):
eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,
that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:
imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,
to reply to the demands, Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so,
advocare contra,
Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52:
si contra mortem te praeparaveris,
to meet death, id. ib. 11, 3, 8.—
(β).
With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.:
quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,
Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78:
contra hominis salutem,
with danger to a man's life, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.—
(γ).
In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period;
syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,
Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86:
pecuniam contra leges auferre,
id. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:
contra legem,
id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41:
contra jus fasque,
id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28:
contra jus,
Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:
contra jus gentium,
Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6;
6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,
Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.:
contra testimonium aliquid judicare,
without regard to, Cic. Brut. 31, 117:
aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,
contrary to the rules of decency, id. Off. 1, 35, 128:
aliquid contra fidem constituere,
Quint. 5, 13, 34:
quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,
contrary to the dictates of passion, Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.—
4.
Dependent on substt.
a.
Of physical strife:
scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),
Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33. —
b.
Of warfare:
imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,
Cic. Mur. 39, 83:
Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,
Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.—
c.
Of legal contention:
causa contra scriptum,
Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.—
d.
Of political speaking:
divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,
Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.—
e.
Of literary opposition:
Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,
Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.—
f.
Of hostility, etc.:
cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,
Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:
ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,
Liv. 6, 40, 5.—
g.
Of injury:
vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,
Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.—
h.
Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. g):
iter contra senatus auctoritatem,
Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:
contra consuetudinem somnium,
Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211:
bonorum possessio contra tabulas,
Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.—
5.
Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf.
II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.
D.
Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).
1.
Against persons.
a.
Dependent on verbs:
cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam [p. 457] contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:
contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,
provided a great defence, id. Mur. 38, 81: formula qua utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals:
contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,
Pall. 10, 3, 2.—
b.
Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial:
paratus contra,
Cic. Mil. 21, 56:
nihil satis firmum contra Metellum,
Sall. J. 80, 1:
contra potentes nemo est munitus satis,
Phaedr. 2, 6, 1.—
2.
Against inanimate and abstract things.
a.
Dependent on verbs:
contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,
Cic. Sen. 15, 51:
propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102:
publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,
id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:
contra tantas difficultates providere,
Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so,
contra ea,
id. ib. 57, 5:
patricii vi contra vim resistunt,
Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.—
b.
Dependent on substt.:
suffragia contra oppugnationem vestrae majestatis,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 12, 35:
defensio contra vim,
id. Mil. 5, 14:
patronus justitiae fuit contra orationem Phili,
id. Lael. 7, 25; Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30; 14, 3, 4, § 40:
contra labores patientia,
id. 23, 1, 22, § 37.—
c.
Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare;
in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Cilicia contra Syriam munitius,
against an attack from the side of Syria, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4:
ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76:
vir contra audaciam firmissimus,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5:
fortis contra dolorem,
Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10:
callosus,
Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23:
far contra hiemes firmissimum,
id. 18, 8, 19, § 83:
equus tenax contra vincula,
Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13:
contraque minantia fata pervigil,
Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.—
3.
Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).
(α).
Dependent on verbs:
cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,
Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13:
prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,
id. 20, 13, 50, § 128:
valet potum contra venena,
id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.—
(β).
Dependent on substt.:
remedium contra morsus,
Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163:
contra venena esse omnia remedio,
id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.—
(γ).
Dependent on adjectives:
vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,
Pall. 11, 14, 17.—
(δ).
Appositively, as a remedy:
cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat... contra serpentes et venena,
Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections:
Tiberium tonante caelo coronari ea (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,
Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.
E.
Of logical opposition.
1.
With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).
a.
The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf.
I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,
but to me the contrary seems true, Sall. J. 85, 1:
omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,
and vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 90. —
b.
Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; cf.: contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e. a, II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. f.):
omnes arderent cupiditate pugnandi... contra ea Caesar... spatiumque interponendum... putabat ( = at contra),
but Caesar on the contrary, Caes. B. C. 3, 74: superbe ab Samnitibus... legati prohibiti commercio sunt;
contra ea benigne ab Siculorum tyrannis adjuti,
Liv. 4, 52, 6; 2, 60, 1; 21, 20, 6;
44, 43, 5: pater... Thracem me genuit, contra ea mater Atheniensem,
Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4; id. praef. 6; id. Alcib. 8, 1.—And after a question, with immo (cf. I. E. 5. b.):
an infirmissimi omnium... (sumus)? Immo contra ea vel viribus nostris, vel, etc., tuti (sumus),
Liv. 41, 24, 8.—
c.
Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.):
illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,
whereas on the contrary, Lucr. 1, 81:
cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),
Cic. Sen. 23, 84:
quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,
id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf.
Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,
id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = qua re;
v. Ritschl,
Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).—
2.
With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30:
contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,
Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope:
Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),
Sall. J. 88, 1; so,
cetera contra spem salva invenit,
Liv. 9, 23, 17:
contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,
id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45;
but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),
Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3:
postquam... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,
Sall. J. 20, 1:
ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),
id. ib. 46, 5:
contra famam,
Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180:
segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,
slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity, id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons:
frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,
contrary to the opinion of the former physicians, Cels. 4, 26 (19).
F.
Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.
1.
In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.:
quos contra disputant,
Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:
quem contra dicit,
id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.):
quem contra veneris,
id. Mur. 4, 9:
quas contra, praeter te, etc.,
id. Vatin. 7, 18:
eos ipsos quos contra statuas,
id. Or. 10, 34:
quos contra me senatus armavit,
id. Att. 10, 8, 8:
quam contra multa locutus est,
Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.—
2.
After other words ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,
Lucr. 4, 471:
dicere eos contra,
id. 4, 484:
donique eum contra,
id. 5, 708:
agmina contra,
Verg. A. 12, 279:
magnum Alciden contra,
id. ib. 5, 414:
Paridem contra,
id. ib. 5, 370:
Italiam contra,
id. ib. 1, 13:
deos contra,
Ov. P. 1, 1, 26:
Messania moenia contra,
id. M. 14, 17:
litora Calabriae contra,
Tac. A. 3, 1.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > contra
17 contra dicta

contrā, adv. and prep. [stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs ea, qua, etc.; cf.: ultra, intra, extra, citra], orig., in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.
I.
Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).
A.
Local.
1.
Lit., of position in front of a person, place, or thing.
a.
With verb of being or position expressed or understood.
(α).
Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.):
feminam scelestam te, adstans contra, contuor,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 26:
ut confidenter mihi contra adstitit,
id. Capt. 3, 5, 6; Lucr. 4, 223; 6, 929:
signum contra, quoad longissume oculi ferebant, animo finivit,
Liv. 1, 18, 8:
stat contra starique jubet,
Juv. 3, 290:
stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina Fures!
Mart. 1, 55, 12:
ulmus erat contra,
in front of her, Ov. M. 14, 661:
templa vides contra,
in front (of us), id. ib. 7, 587.—Of position in front of the enemy:
contra conserta manu,
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3: contra consistere, to make front against them, Caes. B. G. 2, 17.—
(β).
Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly post-Aug.):
contra jacet Cancer patulam distentus in alvum,
Manil. 2, 253:
posita contra Hispania,
Tac. Agr. 11:
promuntorium quod contra procedit,
Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6: relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, i. e. of the leaf, Quint. 10, 3, 32: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; v. II. A. 1. c. a), Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161.—With the governing verb understood:
arguam hanc vidisse apud te contra conservum meum,
face to face, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:
jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, Liv 5, 37, 8: eadem verba contra (i. e. ponuntur),
side by side, Quint. 9, 3, 36; Verg. A. 6, 23.—
b.
With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.
(α).
Referring to persons:
accede ad me atque adi contra,
come right up to me, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plaut. hostility is not implied in contra), id. Am. 1, 1, 84: quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Mull. (Trag. Rel. v. 444 Rib.); Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 55 (Trag. Rel. v. 538 ib.):
adspicedum contra me = contra adspice me,
Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 56 Lorenz ad lec.:
contra adspicere,
id. Mil. 2, 1, 45:
contra intueri,
Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8; Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 6:
cum veniret contra Marcianus,
Quint. 6, 3, 95; Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 152.—
(β).
Of things:
hic ubi sol radiis... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,
Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1:
quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres... perfregere,
Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.—
2.
Transf. to equivalents of weight, value, and price; so,
(α).
In Plaut. only in the colloq. phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); lit., for gold placed against; cf.:
aes contrarium, s. v. contrarius: (servus) non carus'st auro contra,
at his weight in gold, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30: jam auro contra constat filius, id. Truc. 2, 6, 57 (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam, id. Curc. 1, 3, 45 sq.; id. Mil. 3, 1, 63; 4, 2, 85; id. Ps. 2, 3, 23.—
(β).
In post-Aug. prose (very rare):
at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
3.
Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, etc., part, likewise, counter-.
(α).
In gen.:
te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:
quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,
id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110:
qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,
make a victorious counter-charge, id. Mil. 2, 2, 37:
si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54:
audi nunc contra jam,
listen in turn, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23:
at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,
you likewise seem fortunate to me, id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21:
Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,
Liv. 1, 28, 1:
contra ut me diligat illa,
Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit:
cui latrans contra senex,
Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:
scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.—
Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,
Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.:
contra talia reddit,
Claud. B. Gild. 379.—
(β).
With dat. pers.:
consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45:
facere contra huic aegre,
Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10:
hiscine contra insidiabere?
id. Hec. 1. 1, 13:
tibi contra gratiam Referre,
id. ib. 4, 2, 7.—
(γ).
With item:
item a me contra factum est,
Plaut. Aul. prol. 20:
puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,
id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.—
(δ).
Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. a, and b. a): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words ( face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt;
Consonat terra,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86:
confer gradum Contra pariter,
id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28:
video amicam... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,
id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243:
vesper adest, juvenes consurgite!... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!
Cat. 62, 6.—
(ε).
Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20:
si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,
what counter gift, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 (6), 19, 5:
si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1;
Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,
to bid in opposition, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6:
agedum pauca accipe contra,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle:
Numidae... Romanorum ordines conturbare... neque contra feriundi copia erat,
Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies:
oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,
Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213:
dicit accusator haec: primum, etc.... quid contra reus?
id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.
B.
Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.
1.
Of physical exertion.
(α).
Lit.:
concurrunt... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,
struggling against each other, Lucr. 6. 98:
nec nos obniti contra... Sufficimus,
bear up, battle against, Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434:
at ille contra nititur,
resists, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82:
pars remigum, tamquam imperitia... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,
rowed in an opposite direction, Tac. H. 4, 16.—
(β).
Trop.:
te rogo ne contrahas ac demittas animum, neque te obrui tamquam fluctu... sinas, contraque erigas ac resistas,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:
et torrens judicem vel nitentem contra feret, cogatque ire qua rapiet,
Quint. 12, 10, 61.— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato ap. Gell. 7 (6), 3, 16.—With quominus, Lucr. 1, 780.—
2.
Of mental exertion:
si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,
arm yourself against them, Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.:
siti contra... pugnandum,
Cels. 4, 2 fin. —
3.
Of hostile opposition in gen.
(α).
Lit.:
quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,
who made opposition in every way, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:
contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,
something inimical, id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.—
(β).
Trop.:
aut alio quovis (sc. colore) qui contra pugnet et obstet,
Lucr. 2, 794; 2, 868.—
4.
Of warfare.
(α).
Lit.:
ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,
Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.:
quid quod exercitum contra duxit?
Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:
ut si qua ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructa depugnarent,
if they should be attacked by an open charge, Caes. B. G. 7, 28:
issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum... audissent,
Liv. 7, 39, 17:
cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,
would oppose their march, Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.:
et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,
Tac. A. 11, 10.—
(β).
Trop.:
quod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur, velut adversus communem hostem,
Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.—
5.
Of legal contests.
(α).
With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.—
(β).
Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary:
quid? si omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior quam hic C. Claudius... fuit? si de litteris corruptis contra venit, etc.?
if he made a charge of forgery against him? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107; cf. II. B. c. b.—
(γ).
On the part of the adversary:
inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,
Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.—
(δ).
Of judgments against the parties or against opinions:
ne spoliaret fama probatum hominem si contra judicasset,
given an adverse decision, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; cf. Val. Max. 7, 2, 4; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—
6.
Of literary opposition.
(α).
Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. g.—
(β).
With other verbs:
astrologorum artem contra convincere tendit,
Lucr. 5, 728:
contra nunc illud pone, etc.,
Sen. Ben. 7, 14, 6:
habeat (liber meus) etiam quosdam qui contra sentiant et adversentur,
some dissentients and opponents, Quint. 3, 1, 5; 2, 17, 40; 3, 8, 69.—
7.
Of public and political opposition.
(α).
With verbs of saying; v. 9. a. d.—
(β).
With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another:
nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,
no office was left for which to canvass against each other, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:
honores contra petere,
Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.:
pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,
Tac. A. 14, 45.—
8.
Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153:
si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,
and if the contract was violated, Dig. 18, 1, 56.—
9.
With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).
a.
Absol.
(α).
Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings:
cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,
would speak on the other side, Cic. Quint. 24, 77:
hoc... contra dicente Cotta judicatum est,
id. Caecin. 33, 97:
dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,
id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary:
contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,
Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, [p. 453] Quint. 4, 1, 8.—
(β).
To make charges against (rare):
si qui contra vellet dicere, usurum esse eum suo testimonio,
Cic. Clu. 48, 134:
qua ratione nemo neque tum item fecerit, neque nunc contra dicat,
id. Quint. 29, 88; so,
contra disputare, of objections to or against a witness: nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit,
id. Fl. 21, 51.—
(γ).
In gen., to speak on the other side of a question:
fiebat autem ita, ut cum is qui audire vellet dixisset quid sibi videretur, tum ego contra dicerem,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; id. Fin. 2, 1, 2; so,
contra disputare and contra scribere,
id. Or. 1, 19, 85; Vitr. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 2, 17, 13; Dig. 9, 2, 21, § 1.—Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents:
nec qui contra dicunt causam difficilem repellunt,
Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2:
ad coarguendos qui contra disputant,
to refule his opponents, Quint. 2, 15, 26.—
(δ).
To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition:
quam palam principes dixerunt contra!
protested against it, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare:
cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,
Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:
filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,
the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87:
contradicente nullo,
Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—
(ε).
To reply:
contradixit edicto,
answered by an edict, Suet. Aug. 56. —
(ζ).
Abl. absol. impers.:
explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,
whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest, Dig. 1, 3, 34.—
b.
With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings:
ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,
Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:
ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,
id. Fin. 5, 10, 27:
aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,
id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections:
ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),
refute the objections, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90:
quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, orum, n. plur.:
seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,
or refute the objections, Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.:
dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,
the objection is made that there is no testament, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.—
c.
With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).
(α).
To oppose a person by speaking against his views:
solitum se etiam Thraseae contradicere,
to oppose even Thrasea, Tac. H. 2, 91:
tibi,
Suet. Aug. 54:
Curioni...,
id. Rhet. 1. —Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, etc., he may be answered by this plea, etc., Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views:
volenti mihi ream adulterii postulare eam, etc., contradictum est,
my views were disapproved, rejected, Dig. 48, 5, 11, § 10.—
(β).
To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing:
cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,
opposed the opinions, Tac. H. 1, 39.—
(γ).
To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner:
patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,
the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 81:
cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,
Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.—
(δ).
With dat. of the petition:
preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,
which could not be denied, Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—
(ε).
To contest the validity of a law (rare):
quibus (legibus) contradici potest,
Quint. 7, 7, 4.—
(ζ).
To contradict an assertion (very rare):
pro certis autem habemus... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,
Quint. 5, 10, 13.—
d.
With quin, to object:
praetor Samnitibus respondit... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,
there was no objection to a reconciliation, Liv. 8, 2, 2.
C.
To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.;
but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,
Quint. 7, 3, 14:
cum verba (legis) contra sint,
id. 7, 1, 49:
sed experimentum contra fuit,
unsuccessful, Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:
ubi fortuna contra fuit,
id. ib. 3, 18:
si fortuna contra daret,
should be unfavorable, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.
D.
Of logical opposition, with negative force.
1.
Of a direct contrast.
a.
Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite:
quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,
but experience teaches that just the contrary is true, Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088:
in stultitia contra est,
with fools the reverse is true, Cic. Clu. 31, 84:
in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),
id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49:
quod contra est,
Sall. J. 85, 21:
quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4:
contra fore si, etc.,
ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2:
immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),
ib. 41, 3, 49:
ego contra puto (i. e. esse),
Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.—
b.
With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, etc.:
utrumque contra accidit: istic enim bellum est exortum, hic pax consecuta,
of both the contrary has happened, Cic. Fam. 12, 18, 2; so Dig. 38, 2, 51:
id ego contra puto (sc.: faciendum esse),
id. Att. 10, 8, 2:
contra evenit in iis morbis,
Sen. Ep. 52, 7; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 163:
ego contra sentio,
Sen. Clem. 1, 15, 5; Sedig. ap. Gell. 15, 24, 4; Dig. 40, 2, 25:
Proculus contra (sc. sentit),
ib. 35, 2, 1, § 14; 33, 7, 25:
licet Celsus contra scribat,
ib. 9, 2, 21, § 1: contra probatur, Gai Inst. 2, 78; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 34.—Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause:
cujus disparem mitioremque naturam contra interpretabatur,
interpreted in an opposite sense, misinterpreted, misunderstood, Tac. H. 4, 86 fin. —
c.
Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.
(α).
To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.:
nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,
Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.;
quod contra, id turpe,
id. Off. 1, 27, 94:
sit sapienter usus aut contra,
Quint. 2, 5, 15:
lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),
Col. 11, 3, 25.—
(β).
To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.:
ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,
improbable, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:
quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,
id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.—
(γ).
To a verbal predicate:
an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),
Dig. 34, 5, 19.—
(δ).
To a subject infinitive:
laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,
praising or censuring a witness, Quint. 3, 7, 2.—
(ε).
To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative:
quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quadam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,
those that were not, not, Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse;
mihi contra,
id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filia commissum? Et contra, veneficum in noverca, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—
(ζ).
To an attributive genitive:
Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),
Sall. J. 88, 2:
verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),
Quint. 2, 4, 21:
alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,
the accuser and the accused, id. 7, 2, 31;
so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,
Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.—
2.
Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versa, etc.
a.
With its own predicate: saepe... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex alia laetamur parte latenti;
Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,
Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., ( proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24:
quae etiam contra valent,
i. e. if the terms are reversed, id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.—
b.
Belonging to the same predicate:
ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,
Cic. Or. 36, 123:
cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,
Dig. 35, 2, 48:
in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,
Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71:
junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,
id. 1, 5, 68:
ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,
but with mares the reverse is the case, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:
itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,
Cic. Or. 42, 143:
qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,
or vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.
E.
In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).
1.
In independent clauses.
a.
Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse... perhibent philosophi... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1:
ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:
ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:
in Italia bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro... Hannibal contra in aliena, in hostili est terra,
Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11:
contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?
Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214;
so with versa vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt... Contra Macedones versa vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,
Just. 13, 1, 7.—
b.
Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum;
contra in aridiore hordeum potius quam far,
Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; 1, 1, 47: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum;
nisi contra corpora certe Essent, etc., Omne quod est spatium vacuum constaret inane,
Lucr. 1, 521; 4, 348; cf.:
justa omnia decora sunt, injusta contra, ut turpia, sic indecora,
Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. N. D. 2, 15, 41; id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; id. Quint. 30, 93: id. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2: facilem esse rem... si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31; Liv. 25, 30, 3; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 2; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 92; 11, 14, 14, § 35; Suet. Caes. 73; Gell. 1, 4, 5:
si male rem gerere insani est, contra bene, sani,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 74.—
2.
In opposition to a dependent clause:
ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39:
cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,
Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4:
cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,
Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.:
at contra,
Lucr. 2, 392.—
3.
With co-ordinate conjunctions.
a.
Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.
(α).
With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti... omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli [p. 454]... tam dedecet quam, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:
malus est enim custos... metus, contraque benevolentia fidelis,
id. ib. 2, 7, 23:
cum reficiat animos varietas ipsa, contraque sit aliquanto difficilius in labore uno perseverare,
Quint. 1, 12, 4; 3, 8, 32; 8, 6, 20:
itaque in probris maxime in promptu est, si quid tale dici potest, etc. Contraque in laudibus, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf. Suet. Calig. 51; so with nec:
nam nec comoedia cothurnis assurgit, nec contra tragoedia socculo ingreditur,
Quint. 10, 2, 22.—
(β).
With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic:
audivi ex majoribus natu, hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasica, contraque patrem ejus... nullam comitatem habuisse sermonis,
Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:
ut suspitionibus credi oportere, et contra suspitionibus credi non oportere,
id. Inv. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 8, 4, 1; 5, 10, 48; 9, 3, 7; 9, 4, 52; 11, 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 82, 14; Dig. 17, 1, 22, § 4.—
(γ).
With contrasted actions, assumptions, etc.:
atque utinam qui ubique sunt propugnatores hujus imperii possent in hanc civitatem venire, et contra oppugnatores rei publicae de civitate exterminari!
Cic. Balb. 22, 51:
domo pignori data, et area ejus tenebitur... et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,
Dig. 13, 7, 21:
equo et asina genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos quos asini et equae generassent,
Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 17: ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai Inst. 4, 109; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161; 35, 15, 5, § 183.—
(δ).
After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary:
in quo (consulatu) ego imperavi nihil, et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui,
Cic. Sull. 7, 21:
nunc vero cum ne pulsus quidem ita sim ut superare non possim, contraque a populo Romano semper sim defensus, etc.,
id. Dom. 33, 88; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Marcell. 6, 20; so,
et contra,
Suet. Tit. 7.—
b.
With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).
(α).
At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore;
At contra taetri absinthi natura... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,
Lucr. 2, 400:
cogunt,
id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur;
at contra nobis tu quidem... prae nobis beatus,
Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5:
ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.—
(β).
Sed contra, after a negative sentence (class.):
non quo acui ingenia adulescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui,
Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 93; id. Att. 9, 15, 3; id. Ac. 1, 10, 35; id. Fl. 11, 26:
arma populi Romani non liberis servitutem, sed contra servientibus libertatem adferre,
Liv. 45, 18, 1:
tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,
Verg. A. 6, 95; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12.—PostAug. also without a preceding negation:
obiisse nostro Laium scelere autumant superi inferique: sed animus contra innocens... negat,
Sen. Oedip. 765; Symm. Ep. 6, 81.—
(γ).
Contra autem (rare;
in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,
Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone:
sub septemtrione aedificia... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem... sunt facienda,
Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.—
(δ).
Contra vero (very rare;
not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,
Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin. —
(ε).
Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.—
c.
With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).
(α).
Aut contra:
num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?
Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18:
si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,
Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—
(β).
Vel contra:
hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit... quia magistratus?
Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.—
(γ).
Seu contra:
seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,
Prop. 1, 11, 25.—
d.
With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare;
never contra enim): falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,
Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23. —
4.
In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra,
(α).
In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.):
aliis vero econtra videtur,
Hier. Ep. 12.—
(β).
Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.):
honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,
Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.—
5.
With emphatic particles.
a.
Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies);
not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos... neminem plebeium,
Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.—
b.
Immo contra (post-Aug.).
(α).
= no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue:
existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates?... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,
Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.—
(β).
= sed contra, but on the contrary:
proinde ne submiseris te, immo contra fige stabilem gradum,
Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6; id. Cons. Polyb. 15, 2; cf. prep.:
immo contra ea,
Liv. 41, 24, 8; cf. II. E. 1. b. infra.—
c.
Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare):
quoniam... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. g supra.
F.
With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. g, and II. E. 2. infra.
1.
Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.
(α).
With atque:
item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,
Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:
simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69:
judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,
Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.—
(β).
With ac:
itaque contra est ac dicitis,
Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41:
vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,
id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137:
cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,
id. Phil. 11, 13, 34:
Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, etc.,
Sall. C. 60, 5.—
(γ).
With ac and atque:
si denique aliquid non contra ac liceret factum diceretur, sed contra atque oporteret,
Cic. Balb. 3, 7.—
(δ).
With quam (post-Aug.):
cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,
Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 (7), 8, 6:
contra quam licet,
id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.—
2.
Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. g infra); so always with quam:
mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,
contrary to the divine law, Cic. Clu. 5, 12:
ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,
contrary to its own resolution, id. Pis. 8, 18:
contra quam ista causa postulasset,
id. Caecin. 24, 67:
contra quam sanctum legibus est,
Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122:
contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,
Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.
II.
Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. b, and I. A. 1. b. a supra).
A.
Local uses.
1.
Opposite, over against, facing.
a.
Of countries and places (mostly of those separated by water;
adversus and e regione mostly of places opposite by land): insulae natura triquetra, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,
Caes. B. G. 5, 13; 3, 9; 4, 20:
ad insulam quae est contra Massiliam,
id. B. C. 1, 56; 3, 23:
Rhodios, pacatis contra insulam suam terris, etc.,
Liv. 37, 15, 7; 3, 26, 8:
Carthago Italiam contra,
Verg. A. 1, 13; 5, 124; Ov. M. 14, 17:
insulae quae contra Tauri promuntorium inopportune navigantibus objacent, Chelidoniae nominantur,
Mel. 2, 7; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 151; 6, 28, 32, § 152; 5, 7, 7, § 41; Tac. A. 3, 1; id. H. 2, 17.—
b.
Of the heavenly bodies:
donique (luna) eum (sc. solem) contra pleno bene lumine fulsit,
Lucr. 5, 708:
contra Volucris rostrum posita est Lyra,
Vitr. 9, 4, 5; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9; 1, 8, 3; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 5, 10, 10, § 56.—So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite ( facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, etc.), facing the south and east, Plin. 6, 24, 24, § 85; 17, 2, 2, § 22. —So of a person standing in the sunlight:
cum minima umbra (i. e. a sole) contra medium fiet hominem,
Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327; cf.:
contra mediam faciem meridies erit,
id. 18, 33, 76, § 326.—
c.
Of opposite ends of a line.
(α).
Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contraria parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123.—
(β).
Of a line drawn:
contra autem E littera I erit ubi secat circinationem linea,
opposite the point E will be the letter I, Vitr. 9, 7, 4.—
d.
Of buildings, etc.:
contra hoc aviarium est aliud minus in quo quae mortuae sunt aves curator servare solet,
Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; Vitr. 5, 6, 3; 3, 5, 15:
(statuam) quae fuerit contra Jovis Statoris aedem in vestibulo Superbi domus,
Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:
contra medium fere porticum diaeta paulum recedit,
Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20; 2, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 44.—
e.
Of places on the human body:
id quod contra stomachum est,
Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7;
4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea... contra medium alvum orsa,
Cels. 4, 1 fin. —
2.
Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.:
adversus, ad, e regione,
Caes. B. G. 7, 61).
a.
In gen.:
quamvis subito... quamque Rem contra speculum ponas, apparet imago,
Lucr. 4, 156: Democritus... clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4:
et contra magnum potes hos (i.e. oculos) attollere solem, Nec tremis...?
Prop. 1, 15, 37; Col. 7, 3, 8:
rex constiterat contra pedites,
Curt. 10, 9, 13; 9, 5, 1:
ne contra septentrionem paveris,
Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330; 28, 6, 19, § 69:
contra solem varie refulgens,
placed in the sun, id. 37, 10, 63, § 173; 10, 54, 75, § 151; 37, 6, 22, § 83;
37, 7, 25, § 95: cum terrestres volucres contra aquam clangores dabunt,
id. 18, 35, 87, § 363; 19, 8, 39, § 131.—
b.
Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility):
(Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,
towards, Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose:
lege Cornelia de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,
Dig. 48, 8, 4.—
c.
Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.—
d.
Against an opposing action, etc.:
contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,
Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5:
cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,
Vitr. 1, 6, 8:
ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,
Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54:
contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,
id. 35, 14, 48, § 169:
capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,
id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. [p. 455] — Trop.:
contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,
Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.:
contra stimulum calces,
kick against the pricks, Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.—
e.
Of local actions with hostile intent.
(α).
Lit.:
quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?
Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12:
Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),
id. Att. 15, 20, 3:
pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,
to face you, id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26:
a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,
id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62:
Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,
Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood:
terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,
i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite, Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.—
(β).
Trop.:
castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata,
Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Mil. 1, 2; Quint. 7, 7, 5:
tum contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,
will be as a rival against this Rome, Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 86:
cui rationi contra homines barbaros atque imperitos locus fuisset, hac ne ipsum quidem sperare, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40:
(Cicero) plerumque contra inimicos atque obtrectatores plus vindicat sibi,
when fronting adversaries, Quint. 11, 1, 23.—
f.
In partic.
(α).
Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose:
quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,
Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7:
contra populi studium,
Cic. Brut. 34, 126:
contra civium perditorum... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causa,
id. ib. 79, 273; so,
a mendacio contra veritatem,
id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:
contra cives in acie,
id. Att. 16, 11, 2:
et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,
opposite, Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414:
haec enim (ratio) sola... stat contra fortunam,
Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin. —
(β).
Contra aliquem ire:
aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,
Stat. Th. 9, 16.— Trop.:
uti contra injurias armati eatis,
Sall. J. 31, 6:
interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,
Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. b infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.—
3.
Transf.,
a.
To persons placed together for comparison:
C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,
Quint. 10, 1, 114:
CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,
Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.—
b.
To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.
(α).
Lit. (very rare):
quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue... Si gravior est, leviorem rem... feret, etc.,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
(β).
Prop.:
cujus (i. e. generis humani) causa videtur cuncta alia genuisse natura, magna saeva mercede contra tanta sua munera,
Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 1:
qui amicus esse coepit quia expedit, placebit ei aliquod pretium contra amicitiam,
Sen. Ep. 9, 9:
numquam ulli fortiores cives fuerunt quam qui ausi sunt eum contra tantas opes ejus... condemnare,
Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:
tantum studium bonorum in me exstitisse, contra incredibilem contentionem clarissimi et potentissimi viri,
id. ib. 7, 2, 2; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:
nomen prorogans nostrum et memoriam extendens contra brevitatem aevi,
as a compensation for, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154.—So esp., valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:
(illa facta) pro periculo potius quam contra salutem valere debere,
Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; id. Off. 3, 29, 104:
contrane lucrum nil valere Pauperis ingenium?
Hor. Epod. 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 1; id. Cons. Helv. 5, 5; so,
robur habere contra: si contra unamquamlibet partem fortunae satis tibi roboris est,
id. ib. 13, 2;
so of counterchecks: in Creta decem qui cosmoe vocantur, ut contra consulare imperium tribuni plebis, sic illi contra vim regiam constituti,
Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58.—Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—Hence,
c.
Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summa Sacra Via ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter):
numcubi hic vides citrum... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,
superb, id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.):
oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,
Petr. 7, 6.—
d.
Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra:
contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 29:
contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,
Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4:
quae contra breviter fata est vates,
Verg. A. 6, 398:
contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,
Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).
B.
Denoting hostility or disadvantage.
1.
With verbs of hostile action.
a.
Of physical exertion:
pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,
Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22:
proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,
id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142. —
b.
Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere (rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, etc., not cum patria, etc.; cf.
bellum, II. A. 1. e.): a quo prohibitos esse vos contra Caesarem gerere bellum (opp. pro),
Cic. Lig. 8, 25; id. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. Ep. 129.—With bellum suscipere:
contra Antonium,
Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5; so,
contra patriam,
id. Sull. 20, 58:
pugnare contra patriam,
id. ib. 25, 70:
contra conjuges et liberos,
Sen. Ben. 5, 15, 5:
armatum esse contra populum Romanum,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—With arma ferre (freq.), Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 72; 13, 21, 47; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Nep. Att. 4, 2; Tib. 1, 6, 30; Ov. M. 4, 609; 13, 269; id. P. 1, 1, 26.—With arma sumere or capere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 7:
armis contendere contra,
Caes. B. G. 2, 13:
arma alicui dare (trop.),
Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 53:
aciem instruere (trop.),
Liv. 25, 4, 4:
exercitum comparare,
Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; 4, 1, 2:
exercitum instruere,
id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:
exercitum ducere and adducere,
id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; 3, 4, 11:
exercitum contra Philippum mittere,
id. Inv. 1, 12, 17:
naves ducere contra,
Hor. Epod. 4, 19:
ducere contra hostes,
Liv. 1, 27, 4:
florem Italiae educere contra,
Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:
proficisci contra,
to march against, Liv. 1, 11, 3; 8, 2, 5:
auxilium ferre Rutulis contra Latinos,
Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88:
juvare aliquem contra,
Caes. B. C. 1, 35:
consilium inire contra Sequanos,
to take hostile measures against, id. B. G. 6, 12.—
c.
Of legal contention (more freq. adversus, except with verbs of saying).
(α).
In gen., with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney:
cum agerem contra hominem disertissimum nostrae civitatis,
Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; id. Brut. 63, 226; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against:
(causam) quam receperam contra pueros Octavios,
Cic. Att. 13, 49, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 1.—Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against:
rogavit me Caecilius ut adessem contra Satrium,
Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 5 al.; cf.:
esse contra,
id. ib. 1, 18, 3.— Trop.: conquesturus venit;
at contra se adfuit et satisfacienti satisfecit,
Sen. Fragm. Amic. 14, 1, 89:
causam defendere contra,
against the accuser, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178:
statuere contra aliquem (sc. causam),
to establish a case against an adversary, id. Or. 10, 34:
actio competit contra,
Dig. 49, 14, 41:
querelam instituere contra,
ib. 5, 2, 21, § 1:
bonorum possessionem petere contra,
ib. 5, 2, 23:
jus obtinere contra,
Cic. Quint. 9, 34:
pugnare contra,
to struggle against the accuser, id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Verr. 1, 11, 33:
id quod mihi contra illos datum est,
i. e. a local advantage over, id. Tull. 14, 33:
judicare contra aliquem,
id. Fl. 20, 48; Dig. 21, 2, 55; 5, 2, 14; Just. Inst. 4, 17, 2:
pronuntiare contra,
Paul. Sent. 5, 34, 2: dare sententiam contra, Dig. 21, 2, 56, § 1:
decernere contra,
Cic. Fl. 31, 76:
appellare contra aliquem,
Dig. 49, 1, 3; 49, 5, 6; cf.:
contra sententiam,
Cod. Just. 7, 62, 32, § 2.—Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to:
cur vos (cum) aliquid contra me sentire dicatis, etc.,
Cic. Caecin. 27, 79.—
(β).
Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary:
quid tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter?
Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18; id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Phil. 8, 6, 18.—Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests:
contra rem suam me venisse questus est,
Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.—
(γ).
With dicere and other verbs of saying. (aa) Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer:
ipse ille Mucius, quid in illa causa cum contra te diceret, attulit quod? etc.,
Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244:
cum ille contra me pro Sex. Naevio diceret,
id. Brut. 60, 2, 7; id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45; id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. Planc. 2, 5; id. Brut. 26, 102; so,
causam dicere,
id. Or. 2, 23, 98:
causam perorare,
id. Quint. 24, 77.—(bb) Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 261; 3, 34, 138; 1, 14, 60; id. Or. 35, 123; Quint. 11, 1, 57; cf. with ellipsis of acc.:
quorum alter pro Aufldia, contra dixit alter,
id. 10, 1, 22.—(ng) Of a party against a lawyer:
si Gaditani contra me dicerent,
if the Gaditani were my adversaries, Cic. Balb. 17, 38.—(dd) Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them:
si decressent legationem quae contra istum diceret,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: contra testes dicere (opp. a testibus or pro testibus). Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:
testimonium in aliquem dicere,
id. Sull. 17, 48; Quint. 7, 4, 36):
contra juris consultos dicere,
against their legal opinions, Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—So of witnesses in scientific questions:
contra testes dicendum est,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 1.—(ee) Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against:
cum interrogamus adversarios... quid contra nos dici possit,
Auct. Her. 4, 23, 33:
tamenne vereris ut possis hoc contra Hortensium contendere?
Cic. Quint. 25, 78. —
d.
Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing:
cum scriberem contra Epicurios,
Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:
contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,
id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:
contra Brutum,
id. Tusc. 5, 8, 21:
contra Academiam,
id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Fin. 1, 1, 2; 5, 8, 22; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; 5, 30, 84; id. Ac. 2, 4, 17:
contra autem omnia disputatur a nostris,
id. Off. 2, 2, 8.—
e.
Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).
(α).
In gen.:
sentire contra,
Cic. Mil. 2, 5:
pugnare contra bonos,
id. Sull. 25, 71:
contra eos summa ope nitebatur nobilitas,
Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112:
(tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,
Liv. 39, 32, 12.—
(β).
Of political speaking:
cum (Cato) eo ipso anno contra Serv. Galbam ad populum summa contentione dixisset,
Cic. Brut. 20, 80; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1.—
f.
Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.:
adversus, in): inire consilia contra,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:
manum comparare contra aliquem,
id. Sull. 24, 68:
conjurationem facere,
id. ib. 4, 12:
congredi,
id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4:
aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,
Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3:
nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,
against her own offspring Ov. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. b infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:
eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,
operate against us, id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.:
homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?
Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70:
epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38:
disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,
to accuse, reproach a god, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.—
2.
Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut [p. 456] ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6:
licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,
injurious to, Quint. 4, 2, 75:
res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,
id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives:
nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,
Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112:
quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,
id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.—
3.
Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition:
Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?
or keep it against Caesar, Cic. Lig. 7, 23:
sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,
id. Att. 7, 5, 5:
judicium illud pecunia esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,
id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:
cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,
id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause:
fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,
in the suit against, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.—
4.
Dependent on adjectives (rare):
contra se ipse misericors,
to his own injury, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:
severissimus judex contra fures,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.—
5.
With nouns.
a.
Acc. to 1. b.:
ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,
Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.—
b.
Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).
(α).
Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor:
quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.:
Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,
Gell. 10, 15, 3; so,
haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221:
orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,
id. ib. 3, 56, 213.—
(β).
Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs:
unam orationem contra Gracchum reliquit,
Cic. Brut. 26, 99:
(Demosthenis) oratio contra Leptinem... contra Aeschinem falsae legationis,
id. Or. 31, 111; Gell. 10, 24, 10; 10, 18, 91; Cic. Brut. 46, 169; Quint. 12, 10, 61; Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 45; id. Brut. 44, 164; Gell. 13, 25 (24), 15; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 13; 11, 2, 25.—
c.
Acc. to 1. f.:
contra patres concitatio et seditio,
Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals:
contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,
Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.
C.
With inanimate and abstract objects.
1.
Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).
a.
Of physical or moral exertion:
cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,
Verg. A. 10, 567:
pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,
Cic. Sen. 11, 35:
contra verum niti,
Sall. J. 35, 8:
contra fortunam luctari,
Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—
b.
Of warfare (lit. and trop.):
bellum contra aras, focos, vitam fortunasque gerere,
Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:
bellum gerimus... contra arma verbis,
id. Fam. 12, 22, 1.—So of logical contradictions:
artificis autem est invenire in actione adversarii quae semet ipsa pugnent,
Quint. 5, 13, 30.—
c.
Of legal contention.
(α).
Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something:
contra argumenta, rumores, tabulas, quaestiones (opp. ab argumentis, etc.),
Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9 sqq.; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:
contra ratiocinationem,
id. Inv. 2, 50, 153: contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document, id. ib. 2, 47, 138; 2, 48, 143; id. Brut. 39, 145; Quint. 7, 7, 1:
contra caput dicere,
to plead against life, Cic. Quint. 13, 44 (cf.:
servum in caput domini interrogare,
Paul. Sent. 1, 1, 34; 5, 16, 5 and 8; 5, 46, 3): contra libertatem agere, Dig. 40, 12, 26.—Pregn.:
contra rerum naturam, contraque consuetudinem hominum dicere (opp. contra nos dicere),
Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 45.—
(β).
Of judicial decisions contradicting documents, etc.:
contra tabulas judicare,
Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 281:
contra testamentum,
Dig. 2, 17, § 1:
contra sententiam dicere,
ib. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—
(γ).
Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio (cf.:
inmittere in bona),
Dig. 38, 2, 3, § 6.—
d.
Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.
(α).
To contend that something is false:
dicere, disputare, disserere contra opinionem or sententiam,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 5, 19, 55; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67; id. Fin. 5, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 18, 60; Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 3; id. Ep. 87, 5; 102, 5 (cf.:
in sententiam dicere,
in support of an opinion, Caes. B. G. 1, 45):
contra sensus dicere,
Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101:
contra rhetoricen dicere,
Quint. 2, 17, 40.—
(β).
Of criticism, hostility to principles, etc.:
contra Iliadem et Odysseam scribere,
Vitr. 7, praef. 8:
contra quorum disciplinam ingenium ejus exarserat,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83.—
(γ).
Ethically:
contra voluptatem dicere,
that pleasure is a moral evil, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21:
contra mortem loqui,
that death is no evil, Sen. Ep. 82, 7;
in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,
id. ib. 100, 10:
contra fortunam gloriari,
that fortune has no power over him, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.—
e.
Of public and political acts and speeches:
contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,
Cic. Brut. 44, 164:
contra legem dicere or verba facere,
id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1:
rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de colonia deducenda),
Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.—
f.
Of hostility, injury, wrongs, etc.
(α).
In gen.:
senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,
directed against, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2:
contra rem publicam se commovere,
id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7:
incitari,
id. Sest. 47, 100:
consilia inire,
id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:
conjurationem facere,
Sall. C. 30, 6:
contra salutem urbis incitari,
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20:
cogitare aliquid contra salutem,
id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech:
esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,
id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91:
ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuria,
do not array yourself against equity, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.— Trop.:
quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),
Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.—
(β).
In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.:
si quis ad Antonium profectus esset... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,
Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so,
contra salutem rei publicae facere,
Cic. Dom. 38, 102:
contra majestatem,
against the emperor, Dig. 48, 4, 5:
contra leges,
Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121:
contra edictum (praetoris),
Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1:
contra foedus,
Cic. Balb. 6, 16:
contra jusjurandum ac fidem,
id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically:
tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?
Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.):
corpus in civitatem inferri non licet... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,
Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.—
2.
Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. g).
(α).
With esse expressed as the predicate:
hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,
Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:
contra leges or legem est,
Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67:
contra officium est,
id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.:
adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,
unfavorable to the formation of fire, Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.—
(β).
With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood:
scis hunc... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),
Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13:
aliquid contra animum audiendi,
something against our liking, Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere:
si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2. —
(γ).
Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est:
Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,
Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—
3.
Adverbially with the predicate.
(α).
In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.):
eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,
that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:
imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,
to reply to the demands, Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so,
advocare contra,
Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52:
si contra mortem te praeparaveris,
to meet death, id. ib. 11, 3, 8.—
(β).
With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.:
quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,
Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78:
contra hominis salutem,
with danger to a man's life, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.—
(γ).
In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period;
syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,
Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86:
pecuniam contra leges auferre,
id. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:
contra legem,
id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41:
contra jus fasque,
id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28:
contra jus,
Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:
contra jus gentium,
Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6;
6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,
Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.:
contra testimonium aliquid judicare,
without regard to, Cic. Brut. 31, 117:
aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,
contrary to the rules of decency, id. Off. 1, 35, 128:
aliquid contra fidem constituere,
Quint. 5, 13, 34:
quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,
contrary to the dictates of passion, Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.—
4.
Dependent on substt.
a.
Of physical strife:
scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),
Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33. —
b.
Of warfare:
imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,
Cic. Mur. 39, 83:
Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,
Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.—
c.
Of legal contention:
causa contra scriptum,
Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.—
d.
Of political speaking:
divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,
Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.—
e.
Of literary opposition:
Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,
Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.—
f.
Of hostility, etc.:
cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,
Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:
ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,
Liv. 6, 40, 5.—
g.
Of injury:
vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,
Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.—
h.
Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. g):
iter contra senatus auctoritatem,
Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:
contra consuetudinem somnium,
Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211:
bonorum possessio contra tabulas,
Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.—
5.
Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf.
II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.
D.
Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).
1.
Against persons.
a.
Dependent on verbs:
cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam [p. 457] contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:
contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,
provided a great defence, id. Mur. 38, 81: formula qua utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals:
contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,
Pall. 10, 3, 2.—
b.
Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial:
paratus contra,
Cic. Mil. 21, 56:
nihil satis firmum contra Metellum,
Sall. J. 80, 1:
contra potentes nemo est munitus satis,
Phaedr. 2, 6, 1.—
2.
Against inanimate and abstract things.
a.
Dependent on verbs:
contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,
Cic. Sen. 15, 51:
propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102:
publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,
id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:
contra tantas difficultates providere,
Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so,
contra ea,
id. ib. 57, 5:
patricii vi contra vim resistunt,
Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.—
b.
Dependent on substt.:
suffragia contra oppugnationem vestrae majestatis,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 12, 35:
defensio contra vim,
id. Mil. 5, 14:
patronus justitiae fuit contra orationem Phili,
id. Lael. 7, 25; Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30; 14, 3, 4, § 40:
contra labores patientia,
id. 23, 1, 22, § 37.—
c.
Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare;
in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Cilicia contra Syriam munitius,
against an attack from the side of Syria, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4:
ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76:
vir contra audaciam firmissimus,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5:
fortis contra dolorem,
Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10:
callosus,
Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23:
far contra hiemes firmissimum,
id. 18, 8, 19, § 83:
equus tenax contra vincula,
Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13:
contraque minantia fata pervigil,
Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.—
3.
Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).
(α).
Dependent on verbs:
cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,
Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13:
prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,
id. 20, 13, 50, § 128:
valet potum contra venena,
id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.—
(β).
Dependent on substt.:
remedium contra morsus,
Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163:
contra venena esse omnia remedio,
id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.—
(γ).
Dependent on adjectives:
vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,
Pall. 11, 14, 17.—
(δ).
Appositively, as a remedy:
cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat... contra serpentes et venena,
Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections:
Tiberium tonante caelo coronari ea (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,
Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.
E.
Of logical opposition.
1.
With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).
a.
The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf.
I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,
but to me the contrary seems true, Sall. J. 85, 1:
omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,
and vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 90. —
b.
Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; cf.: contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e. a, II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. f.):
omnes arderent cupiditate pugnandi... contra ea Caesar... spatiumque interponendum... putabat ( = at contra),
but Caesar on the contrary, Caes. B. C. 3, 74: superbe ab Samnitibus... legati prohibiti commercio sunt;
contra ea benigne ab Siculorum tyrannis adjuti,
Liv. 4, 52, 6; 2, 60, 1; 21, 20, 6;
44, 43, 5: pater... Thracem me genuit, contra ea mater Atheniensem,
Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4; id. praef. 6; id. Alcib. 8, 1.—And after a question, with immo (cf. I. E. 5. b.):
an infirmissimi omnium... (sumus)? Immo contra ea vel viribus nostris, vel, etc., tuti (sumus),
Liv. 41, 24, 8.—
c.
Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.):
illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,
whereas on the contrary, Lucr. 1, 81:
cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),
Cic. Sen. 23, 84:
quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,
id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf.
Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,
id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = qua re;
v. Ritschl,
Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).—
2.
With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30:
contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,
Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope:
Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),
Sall. J. 88, 1; so,
cetera contra spem salva invenit,
Liv. 9, 23, 17:
contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,
id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45;
but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),
Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3:
postquam... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,
Sall. J. 20, 1:
ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),
id. ib. 46, 5:
contra famam,
Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180:
segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,
slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity, id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons:
frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,
contrary to the opinion of the former physicians, Cels. 4, 26 (19).
F.
Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.
1.
In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.:
quos contra disputant,
Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:
quem contra dicit,
id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.):
quem contra veneris,
id. Mur. 4, 9:
quas contra, praeter te, etc.,
id. Vatin. 7, 18:
eos ipsos quos contra statuas,
id. Or. 10, 34:
quos contra me senatus armavit,
id. Att. 10, 8, 8:
quam contra multa locutus est,
Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.—
2.
After other words ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,
Lucr. 4, 471:
dicere eos contra,
id. 4, 484:
donique eum contra,
id. 5, 708:
agmina contra,
Verg. A. 12, 279:
magnum Alciden contra,
id. ib. 5, 414:
Paridem contra,
id. ib. 5, 370:
Italiam contra,
id. ib. 1, 13:
deos contra,
Ov. P. 1, 1, 26:
Messania moenia contra,
id. M. 14, 17:
litora Calabriae contra,
Tac. A. 3, 1.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > contra dicta
18 apud

ăpŭd ( apud down to the time of Caesar, Corp. Inscr. I. 30; I. 196; and after 45 B. C. both apud, Inscr. Orell. 206; 818, and aput, ib. 206; 15; 34; another form of apud was apor, Paul. ex Fest. p. 26 Mull. apud, Ritschl, Rib. in Trag. et Com. Rel., Mull. in Lucil., and Dietsch in Sall.; aput, Lachm., Fleck. in Plaut.; both apud and aput, Mull. in Cat. and Rib. in Verg.) [Corssen once regarded apud as connected with apisci, as juxta with jungo, Ausspr. I. p. 335, 1st ed., but afterwards, ib. 2d ed. I. p. 197, he adopted Pott's view, that it was comp. of Sanscr. api, = to, toward, near (Gr. epi), and ad, old form ar, which view the form apor favors, and thus its strict meaning would be on to, unto; v. infra, IV.]; prep. gov. acc., with, at, by, near (regularly with words denoting rest, and primarily of persons, while ad properly designates only direction, motion, extension, etc., and is chiefly used of places; the diff. between apud and penes is given in Paul. ex Fest. p. 22 Mull.: apud et penes in hoc differunt, quod alterum personam cum loco significat, alterum personam et dominium ac potestatem; v. penes, and cf. Nep. Them. 7, 2: ad ephoros Lacedaemoniorum accessit, penes quos summum imperium erat, atque apud eos (v. infra, I. B. 2. a.) contendit, etc.; and for the difference between ad and apud, cf. Lucil. 9, 58 sq. Mull.: apud se longe alid est, neque idem valet ad se: Intro nos vocat ad sese, tenet intus apud se; syn.: ad, prope, coram, inter, in with abl.; rare in early Lat.; very freq. in Plaut., less freq. in Ter., seven times in Verg., five times in Juv., three times in Catull., twice in Ov, and once in Hor. and Prop.; never in Tib. or Pers.; very freq. in Cic., the historians, and the Vulg.).
I.
A.. In designating nearness in respect of persons, with, near: apud ipsum adstas, Att. ap. Non. p. 522, 25:
adsum apud te, genitor,
id. ib. p. 522, 32:
alteram (partem) apud me adponito,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 60:
nunc hic apud te servio,
id. Capt. 2, 2, 62:
scriptorum non magnast copia apud me,
Cat. 68, 33 Mull.:
mane apud me,
Vulg. Gen. 29, 19:
Advocatum habemus apud Patrem,
ib. 1 Joan. 2, 1:
cum in lecto Crassus esset et apud eum Sulpicius sederet,
Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 12; so id. Pis. 26, and id. Rep. 3, 28.—
B.
Esp.
1.
a.. With a pron. or subst., apud me, te, se, aliquem, etc., with me, in my house, etc., in one's house, at the house of a person; Fr. chez moi, chez vous, chez soi, etc.:
Quis heri apud te? Naev., Com. Rel. p. 9 Rib.: dico eum esse apud me,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 2, 15; 4, 2, 73:
hic apud me hortum confodere jussi,
id. Aul. 2, 2, 66:
si commodumst, apud me, sis, volo,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 110:
condixerant cenam apud me, Turp., Com. Rel. p. 108 Rib.: quid nunc virgo? Nempe apud test?
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 159:
Quid sibi volunt homines isti apud te?
Vulg. Num. 22, 9; ib. Matt. 26, 18:
cenabis bene apud me,
Cat. 13, 1:
apud me habitavit,
Cic. Clu. 33; id. Verr. 4, 111; 5, 77:
apud te cenavit,
id. Div. in Caecil. 58; id. Verr. 4, 49; id. Cael. 26; id. Deiot. 32:
in curia posita potius quam rure apud te, Titin., Com. Rel. p. 142 Rib.: mane apud me etiam hodie,
Vulg. Jud. 19, 9:
tenet intus apud se,
Lucil. 9, 59 Mull.:
Pompeius petiit, ut secum et apud se essem cotidie,
Cic. Att. 5, 6:
apud se fecit manere,
Vulg. Jud. 19, 7; ib. Luc. 11, 37:
de gladiis, quae apud ipsum erant deprehensa,
Cic. Cat. 3, 10:
Cum postridie apud eundem ventum exspectans manerem,
id. Phil. 1, 8:
mansit apud eum quattuor mensibus,
Vulg. Jud. 19, 2; ib. Act. 28, 14:
apud quem deversatus es,
Cic. Verr. 4, 37: apud nympham Calypsonem, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 685 (cf. Hom. Od. 4, 557: Numphês en megaroisi Kalupsous):
habitasti apud Heium Messanae,
Cic. Verr. 4, 18; id. Cael. 51:
Fuisti apud Laecam illa nocte,
id. Cat. 1, 4, 9; id. de Or. 1, 22, 104; id. Att. 1, 8:
apud Ostorium Scapulam epulatur,
Tac. A. 14, 48:
apud Cornelium Primum juxta Velabrum delituit,
id. H. 3, 74; 1, 14:
Factum est, ut moraretur apud Simonem quendam,
Vulg. Act. 9, 43:
invenient hominem apud sororem tuam occultantem se,
Cic. Dom. 83:
qui apud te esset eductus,
id. Quinct. 69:
apud quem erat educatus,
id. Lael. 20, 75:
cum alter ejus filius apud matrem educaretur,
id. Clu. 27:
disciplina C. Cassii, apud quem educatus erat,
Tac. A. 15, 52:
se apud Q. Mucium jus civile didicisse,
id. Or. 30:
apud eosdem magistratus institutus,
Suet. Calig. 24:
servorum manus tamquam apud senem festinantes,
Tac. H. 1, 7:
in convivio apud regem,
id. A. 2, 57: Bene vale;
apud Orcum te videbo,
in the abode of Orcus, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 16:
sacrificasse apud deos, i. e. in templis deorum,
Tac. A. 11, 27:
frater apud Othonem militans,
in the army of Otho, id. H. 2, 26; so,
nec solum apud Caecinam (cognoscebatur id damnum composuisse),
id. ib. 2, 27:
quorum sint legati apud se,
in his camp, Caes. B. G. 4, 8; cf.:
Quos cum apud se in castris Ariovistus conspexisset,
id. ib. 1, 47:
dici hoc potest, Apud portitores eas (litteras) resignatas sibi,
at the custom-house, Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 64; 3, 3, 80:
Quantillum argenti mihi apud trapezitam siet,
at the banker's, id. Capt. 1, 2, 90:
duo genera materiarum apud rhetoras tractantur, i. e. in scholis rhetorum, as he says just before,
Tac. Or. 35.—Apud me etc. is sometimes added to domi or in aedibus, or interchanges with domi: Me. Ubi namst, quaeso? Ch. Apud me domi, Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 21:
a me insidias apud me domi positas esse dixerunt,
Cic. Sest. 41:
domi esse apud sese archipiratas dixit duos,
id. Verr. 5, 73; so Vulg. Gen. 27, 15:
quae (signa) cognovi apud istum in aedibus,
Cic. Verr. 1, 50:
esse illa signa domi suae, non esse apud Verrem,
id. ib. 4, 16:
nihil apud hanc lautum, pistor domi nullus,
id. Pis. 67; id. Clu. 165.—Hence,
b.
Trop.: apud se esse, to be at home, i. e. to be in one's senses, be one's self, be sane (only in conversational lang.; most freq. in Ter.; cf. Gr. en heautôi einai, Ar. Vesp. 642; opp. vecors, amens esse, to be out of one's wits, beside one's self; so Gr. phrenôn exestanai, Eur. Or. 1021):
Sumne ego apud me?
Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 36:
Non sum apud me,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 26, and Afran., Com. Rel, p. 170 Rib.:
Prae iracundia, Menedeme, non sum apud me,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 48:
Vix sum apud me: ita animus commotust metu, spe, gaudio,
id. And. 5, 4, 34:
Num tibi videtur esse apud sese?
id. Hec. 4, 4, 85 (quasi ob amorem meretricis insanus, Don.):
proin tu fac, apud te ut sies,
id. And. 2, 4, 5 (= ut praeparatus sis, Don.); Petr. 129.—
2.
In respect of persons, in whose presence or before whom any thing is done or takes place, esp. of discussions or debates in which the persons have the right of decision (Web. Uebungsch. p. 33), before, in the presence of, = coram, ad.
a.
Of civil or military affairs, before:
cum res agatur apud praetorem populi Romani et apud severissimos judices,
Cic. Arch. 3:
apud eosdem judices reus est factus,
id. Clu. 22, 59:
vis de his judicari apud me?
Vulg. Act. 25, 9:
accusavit fratres suos apud patrem,
ib. Gen. 37, 2; ib. 1 Macc. 7, 6; ib. Joan. 5, 45:
hoc, quod nunc apud pontifices agis,
Cic. Dom. 51; 117:
istud ne apud eum quidem dictatorem quisquam egit isto modo,
id. Lig. 12:
qui hanc causam aliquotiens apud te egit,
id. Quinct. 30; so id. Verr. 2, 100; 3, 114; id. Caecin. 69; id. Sest. 120:
(populus Romanus) mihi potestatem apud se agendi dedit,
id. Verr. 5, 173: Repulsior secunda collatione dixit Cato in ea, quae est contra Cornelium apud populum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 286 Mull.:
tutoresne defendent apud istius modi praetorem?
Cic. Verr. 1, 153; id. Clu. 126: apud te cum sim defensurus me, Vulg. Act. [p. 146] 26, 2:
omnia apud praetores gererentur,
Tac. Or. 38:
causam nescio quam apud judicem defendebat,
Cic. Clu. 74; so Tac. A. 3, 12; id. Or. 19:
apud te defendit alium in ea voluntate non fuisse, in qua te,
Cic. Lig. 6:
apud judicem causam dicere,
id. Quinct. 43; id. Verr. 1, 26; id. Sex. Rosc. 85:
apud aliquem dicere,
id. Lig. 6; id. Deiot. 4:
verba apud senatum fecit,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 20:
habita apud senatum oratione,
Tac. A. 12, 25; 6, 8:
haec apud patres disseruit,
id. ib. 2, 43; 4, 2;
4, 6: modeste apud vos socius populi Romani questus est,
Cic. Verr. 4, 18:
Quae est ergo apud Caesarem querella?
id. Lig. 25:
isne apud vos obtinebit causam, qui etc.,
id. Caecin. 38:
petita multa est apud eum praetorem,
id. Verr. 1, 155:
causam contra aliquem apud centumviros dicere,
id. de Or. 2, 23, 98; Tac. Or. 38:
numerus oratorum quot annis apud magistratus publice subscribitur,
Cic. Verr. 3, 120:
apud eorum quem qui manumitteretur,
Liv. 41, 9: apud proconsules aliquem manumittere, Marcian. ap. Dig. 1, 162.—
b.
In extra judicial cases, before:
apud hunc confessus es et genus etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 52:
nullam causam dico, quin mihi Et parentum et libertatis apud te deliquio siet,
id. ib. 3, 4, 93:
apud erum qui (servos) vera loquitur,
id. Am. 2, 1, 43:
apud novercam querere,
id. Ps. 1, 3, 80:
ego apud parentem loquor,
Cic. Lig. 30:
plura fateri apud amicos,
Tac. A. 14, 62:
aliquid apud aliquem laudare,
Cic. Att. 2, 25; Tac. A. 13, 46; so Vulg. Gen. 12, 15:
aliquem apud aliquos vituperare,
Cic. Phil. 2, 11:
apud quem tu etiam nos criminari soles,
id. Vatin. 29.—
c.
Of one's feelings, views, judgment, with, in the view or sight of, before.
(α).
With verbs:
apud Tenedios sanctissimus deus habetur,
Cic. Fl. 61; id. Verr. 1, 49:
quod apud illos amplissimum sacerdotium putatur,
id. ib. 2, 126;
1, 69: si tutoris auctoritas apud te ponderis nihil habebat,
id. ib. 2, 55; id. Planc. 4:
apud judicem grave et sanctum esse ducetur,
id. Q. Rosc. 6:
Quae omnia apud nos partim infamia... ponuntur, Nep. praef. 5: justificatur apud Deum,
Vulg. Gal. 3, 11:
haec apud illos barbatos ridicula videbantur,
Cic. Mur. 26; id. Dom. 101:
unus dies apud Dominum (est) sicut mille anni, et mille anni sicut dies unus,
Vulg. 2 Pet. 3, 8.—
(β).
With adjj.:
fuisti apud pontifices superior,
Cic. Dom. 4:
qui honos est apud Syracusanos amplissimus,
id. Verr. 4, 137; id. Font. 36:
quam clara (expugnatio) apud omnes,
id. Verr. 1, 50; 2, 50:
Satis clarus est apud timentem quisquis timetur,
Tac. H. 2, 76; id. Or. 7:
hoc est apud Graecos prope gloriosius quam Romae triumphasse,
Cic. Fl. 31; Tac. H. 5, 17:
quod aeque apud bonos miserum est,
id. ib. 1, 29:
quae justa sunt apud nos,
Vulg. 1 Macc. 11, 33; ib. Rom. 2, 13:
tunc eritis inculpabiles apud Dominum,
ib. Num. 32, 22:
si is pretio apud istum idoneus esset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 121.—
(γ).
With substt.:
est tanta apud eos ejus fani religio atque antiquitas, ut etc.,
Cic. Verr. 1, 46:
tanta nominis Romani dignitas est apud omnes nationes, ut etc.,
id. ib. 5, 150:
qua (hic) apud omnes Siculos dignitate atque existimatione sit,
id. ib. 2, 111:
Dymnus modicae apud regem auctoritatis et gratiae,
Curt. 6, 72:
abominatio est uterque apud Deum,
Vulg. Prov. 17, 15.—Apud animum, apud animum meum, etc. sometimes stand for mihi, mecum, etc., or simply animo: Ea tute tibi subice et apud animum propone, before your mind, before you, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:
ipsi primum statuerint apud animos, quid vellent,
Liv. 6, 39, 11:
Sic apud animum meum statuo,
Sall. de Ord. Rep. 2:
sic statuere apud animum meum possum,
Liv. 34, 2, 4.—So with pers. pron. in Vulg. after the Greek: haec apud se (pros heauton) oravit, within himself, to himself, Luc. 18, 11: Sciens apud semet ipsum (en heautôi), in himself, Joan. 6, 62: statui hoc ipsum apud me (emautôi), ne etc., with myself, 2 Cor. 2, 1; so, hoc cogitet apud se (eph heautou), ib. 10, 7.—
d.
And simply before, in the presence of:
id apud vos proloquar,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 6:
nemo est meorum amicorum, apud quem expromere omnia mea occulta audeam,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 14:
se jactant apud eos, quos inviti vident,
Cic. Fl. 61:
licet mihi, Marce fili, apud te gloriari, ad quem etc.,
id. Off. 1, 22, 78: de vobis glorior apud Macedones, Vulg. 2 Cor. 9, 2:
plus quam apud vos commemorari velitis,
Cic. Caecin. 77:
non apud indoctos loquor,
id. Pis. 68:
ostendit, quae quisque de eo apud se dixerit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 19:
quid apud magnum loquerentur Achillem,
Ov. M. 12, 163:
neque raro neque apud paucos talia jaciebat,
Tac. A. 4, 7:
loqui de se apud aliquem,
Cic. Att. 1, 3:
mentiri apud aliquem,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 24:
apud aliquem profiteri,
Curt. 7, 7, 24:
Non est nobis haec oratio habenda apud imperitam multitudinem,
Cic. Mur. 61:
Caesar apud milites contionatur,
Caes. B. C. 1, 7:
gratias agere alicui apud aliquem,
Cic. Sest. 4; so Tac. A. 15, 22:
si quid (in me) auctoritatis est, apud eos utar, qui etc.,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2; so id. Lig. 16, and id. Red. in Sen. 24:
Quae fundebat apud Samson lacrimas,
Vulg. Jud. 14, 16.—
3.
Of a person with whom, in whose case something is, exists, is done, with, in the case of, often = in with abl.:
quom apud te parum stet fides,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 62:
Et bene apud memores veteris stat gratia facti,
Verg. A. 4, 539:
At fides mihi apud hunc est,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 10: De. Quid est? Ch. Itan parvam mihi fidem esse apud te? id. Phorm. 5, 3, 27:
ut apud me praemium esse positum pietati scias,
id. Hec. 4, 2, 8:
alioqui mercedem non habebitis apud Patrem vestrum,
Vulg. Matt. 6, 1:
illa res quantam declarat ejusdem hominis apud hostes populi Romani auctoritatem,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 46:
(eum) Aeduorum auctoritatem apud omnes Belgas amplificaturum,
Caes. B. G. 2, 14:
si M. Petrei non summa auctoritas apud milites exstitisset,
Cic. Sest. 12:
Pompei auctoritas apud omnes tanta est. quanta etc.,
id. Fl. 14; id. Phil. 13, 7:
ecquid auctoritatis apud vos socii populi Romani habere debeant,
id. Div. in Caecil. 17; so id. Verr. 2, 14; id. Mur 38:
(servi) apud eum sunt in honore et pretio,
id. Sex. Rosc. 77; id. Verr. 5, 157; id. Cat. 3, 2:
videmus quanta sit in invidia quantoque in odio apud quosdam virtus et industria,
id. Verr. 5, 181:
quo majore apud vos odio esse debet quam etc.,
id. ib. 1, 42:
domi splendor, apud exteras nationes nomen et gratia,
id. Clu. 154; id. Mur. 38:
Dumnorigem, magna apud plebem gratia,
Caes. B. G. 1, 18:
tanti ejus apud se gratiam esse ostendit, uti etc.,
id. ib. 1, 20:
certe apud te et hos, qui tibi adsunt, veritas valebit,
Cic. Quinct. 5; id. Div. in Caecil. 17; id. Lig. 30; id. Marcell. 14; id. Mil. 34:
utrum apud eos pudor atque officium aut timor valeret,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40:
apud quem ut multum gratia valeret,
Nep. Con. 2, 1:
video apud te causas valere plus quam preces,
Cic. Lig. 31; so id. Lael. 4, 13, and Tac. H. 3, 36:
quod apud vos plurimum debebit valere,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11; so Caes. B. G. 1, 17, and Tac. H. 4, 73:
qui tantum auctoritate apud suos cives potuit, ut etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 113:
speravit sese apud tales viros aliquid posse ad etc.,
id. Sex. Rosc. 141:
(eum) apud finitimas civitates largiter posse,
Caes. B. G. 1, 18:
quae (pecunia) apud me contra fidem meam nihil potuisset,
Cic. Verr. 1, 19:
quae (memoria) plus apud eum possit quam salus civitatis,
id. Phil. 5, 51; id. Verr. 3, 131:
qui apud eum plurimum poterat,
id. ib. 3, 130:
qui apud me et amicitia et beneficiis et dignitate plurimum possunt,
id. Sex. Rosc. 4; so Caes. B. G. 1, 9.—So very rarely with adjj.:
faciles sunt preces apud eos, qui etc.,
Cic. Har. Resp. 63:
nihil me turpius apud homines fuisset,
id. Att. 2, 19:
apud quos miserum auxilium tolerabile miserius malum fecit,
Cels. 3, 23.—
4.
Of persons, of inhabitants of cities or countries, among whom one is, or something is, is done or happens, among = inter:
CONSOL. QVEI. FVIT. APVD. VOS., Epit. Scip. ap. Grotef. Gr. II. p. 296: homines apud nos noti, inter suos nobiles,
Cic. Fl. 52:
Ut vos hic, itidem ille apud vos meus servatur filius,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 11; 2, 2, 62:
qui (colonus) perigrinatur apud vos,
Vulg. Exod. 12, 49:
qui regnabat apud vos,
ib. 1 Macc. 12, 7; ib. Matt. 13, 56; ib. Luc. 9, 41:
si iste apud eos quaestor non fuisset,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 4; 65:
Apud eos fuisse regem Divitiacum,
Caes. B. G. 2, 4; 2, 2:
qui (praetores) apud illos a populo creantur,
Cic. Fl. 44:
apud quos consul fuerat,
id. Div. in Caecil. 66; id. Verr. 2, 5; 4, 108:
apud inferos illi antiqui supplicia impiis constituta esse voluerunt,
id. Cat. 4, 8; id. Tusc. 1, 5, 10; so Vulg. Eccli. 14, 17: Sunt apud infernos tot milia formosarum, Prop. 3, 2, 63:
fateri quae quis apud superos distulit in seram commissa piacula mortem,
Verg. A. 6, 568;
Vel. 2, 48, 2: studiis militaribus apud juventutem obsoletis,
Cic. Font. 42:
qui apud socios nominis Latini censi essent,
Liv. 41, 9:
qui apud gentes solus praestat, Naev., Com. Rel. p. 25 Rib.: quae sacra apud omnes gentes nationesque fiunt,
Cic. Verr. 4, 109:
id (simulacrum) apud Segestanos positum fuisse,
id. ib. 4, 80:
si apud Athenienses non deerant qui rem publicam defenderent,
id. Sest. 141, and Nep. Milt. 6, 2:
ille est magistratus apud Siculos, qui etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 131:
si tu apud Persas deprehensus etc.,
id. ib. 5, 166:
Apud Helvetios longe nobilissimus fuit Orgetorix,
Caes. B. G. 1, 2:
apud omnes Graecos hic mos est, ut etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 158, and id. Fragm. B. 7, 18 B. and K.:
quod apud Germanos ea consuetudo esset, ut etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 50:
aliis Germanorum populis usurpatum raro apud Chattos in consensum vertit,
Tac. G. 31:
Cui (mihi) neque apud Danaos usquam locus (est),
Verg. A. 2, 71:
apud Nahanarvalos antiquae religionis lucus ostenditur,
Tac. G. 43; 32; 38; 44; id. H. 4, 56; 4, 61; id. A. 2, 1; 2, 45: apud Graecos magis quam in ceteris nationibus exculta est medicina, Cels. praef. 3, 9.—So of an army, in, with, where in with abl. is commonly used:
qui apud exercitum cum Lucio Lucullo est,
in the army under L. Lucullus, Cic. Verr. 4, 49; so id. Arch. 11:
apud exercitum mihi fueris tot annos,
id. Mur. 45:
quod Hannibalem etiam nunc cum imperio apud exercitum haberent,
in the army with a command, Nep. Hann. 7, 3:
simul manere apud exercitus Titum utile videbatur,
Tac. H. 5, 10:
quod XII. pondo argenti habuisset apud exercitum,
with his troops, Plin. 33, 4, 50, § 143.—
5.
In designating the author of a work or of an assertion, apud aliquem, in, by, in the writings of, any one (the work itself being designated by in with abl.; as, de qua in Catone majore satis multa diximus, Cic. Off. 1, 42, 151:
Socraiem illum, qui est in Phaedro Platonis,
id. de Or. 1, 7, 28:
quo in libro,
id. ib. 1, 11, 47):
ut scriptum apud eundem Caelium est,
Cic. Div. 1, 26, 55:
apud Xenophontem autem moriens Cyrus major haec dicit,
id. Sen. 22, 79:
quod apud Platonem est in philosophos dictum, quod etc.,
id. Off. 1, 9, 28:
apud Agathoclem scriptum in historia est,
id. Div. 1, 24, 50:
ut est apud poetam nescio quem,
id. Phil. 2, 65:
Quod enim est apud Ennium, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 8, 26:
de qua (ambitione) praeclare apud eundem est Platonem, simile etc.,
id. ib. 1, 25, 87:
Apud Varronem ita est, etc.,
Plin. 18, 35, 79, § 348:
ut video scriptum apud Graecos,
Cic. Scaur. 4:
invenio apud quosdam auctores,
Tac. H. 2, 37; so id. A. 1, 81; 3, 3:
reperio apud scriptores,
id. ib. 2, 88:
apud Solonem,
i. e. in his laws, Cic. Leg. 2, 26, 64:
cui bono est, si apud te Agamemnon diserte loquitur, i. e. in tragoediis tuis,
Tac. Or. 9. —Also of speakers:
apud quosdam acerbior in conviciis narrabatur,
Tac. Agr. 22.—
6.
a.. Est aliquid apud aliquem = est alicui aliquid, apud aliquem being equivalent to dat. of possessor:
quae (scientia auguralis) mihi videtur apud majores fuisse dupliciter, ut etc.,
Cic. Leg. 2, 13, 33:
juris civilis magnum usum apud multos fuisse,
id. Brut. 41, 152:
cum apud eum summum esset imperium populi,
Nep. Phoc. 2, 4:
omnis gratia, potentia, honos, divitiae apud illos sunt,
Sall. C. 20, 8:
par gloria apud Hannibalem hostesque Poenos erat,
Liv. 22, 30, 8:
apud quos nulla loricarum galearumve tegmina (erant),
Tac. A. 12, 35:
pecuniam ac dona majora apud Romanos (esse),
id. H. 4, 76:
minorem esse apud victos animum,
id. ib. 3, 1;
2, 75: quando quidem est apud te virtuti honos,
Liv. 2, 1, 15: Phoebo sua semper apud me Munera sunt, Phoebus has his gifts with me, i. e. I have his gifts for Phoebus, Verg. E. 3, 62; so Hor. C. 3, 29, 5:
apud te est fons vitae,
Vulg. Psa. 35, 10:
apud Dominum (est) misericordia,
ib. ib. 129, 7.—
b.
Est aliquid apud aliquem also simply denotes that something is in one's hands, in his power, at his disposal:
erat ei apud me pauxillulum Nummorum,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 3:
negasse habere se (phaleras): apud alium quoque eas habuisse depositas,
Cic. Verr. 4, 29:
multa (signa) deposita apud amicos,
id. ib. 4, 36:
apud quem inventus est scyphus,
Vulg. Gen. 44, 16; ib. [p. 147] Exod. 22, 4; ib. Deut. 24, 12.—So also of persons:
te pix atra agitet apud carnuficem,
in the hands of, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 65:
qui (obsides) apud eum sint,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31; 1, 33.—
c.
Apud aliquem = alicui, the dat. of indir. obj.:
remanet gloria apud me, Att., Trag. Rel. p. 194 Rib.: nihil apud Siculum, nihil apud civem Romanum tota in Sicilia reliquisse,
Cic. Verr. 4, 2:
si (cura rei publicae) apud Othonem relinqueretur,
Tac. H. 1, 13; 1, 20:
qui judicia manere apud ordinem Senatorium volunt,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 8:
neque praemia caedis apud interfectorem mansura,
Tac. H. 2, 70; id. A. 15, 7:
fidens apud aliquem obligare,
Dig. 16, 1, 27.—So rarely with adjj.:
Essetne apud te is servos acceptissimus?
Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 56:
non dicam amicum tuum, quod apud homines carissimum est,
Cic. Verr. 2, 110:
apud publicanos gratiosus fuisti,
id. ib. 2, 169; 4, 38; id. Fl. 76; id. Lig. 31: Apud homines hoc impossibile est;
apud Deum autem omnia possibilia sunt,
Vulg. Matt. 19, 26; ib. Marc. 10, 27.
II.
Transf. In designations of place,
A.
At, near, about, around, before (esp. freq. in the post-Aug. histt.) = ad, prope, circum, ante: tibi servi multi apud mensam adstant, Naev. ap. Prisc. p. 893 P. (Com. Rel. p. 10 Rib.):
verecundari neminem apud mensam decet,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 77:
Quid apud hasce aedis negotii est tibi?
id. Am. 1, 1, 194:
Quid illisce homines quaerunt apud aedis meas?
id. Most. 4, 2, 26; id. Trin. 4, 2, 25: apud ignem adsidere, Turp. ap. Non. p. 522, 26 (Com. Rel. p. 100 Rib.); Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 86, 16:
navem is fregit apud Andrum insulam,
Ter. And. 1, 3, 17:
apud Tenedum pugna illa navalis,
Cic. Arch. 21:
ut apud Salamina classem suam constituerent,
Nep. Them. 3, 4:
apud oppidum morati,
Caes. B. G. 2, 7:
agri in Hispania apud Karthaginem Novam,
Cic. Agr. 1, 5:
bellatum apud Actium,
Tac. H. 1, 1; 1, 72; 3, 76:
Pugnabant alii tardis apud Ilion armis,
Ov. R. Am. 163:
morabatur in castris apud Galgalam,
Vulg. Jos. 10, 6:
quidquid apud durae cessatum est moenia Trojae,
Verg. A. 11, 288:
apud vetustam turrem, Att., Trag. Rel. p. 189 Rib.: apud castellum consedisse,
Tac. A. 4, 25:
Vitellianos, sua quemque apud signa, componunt,
id. H. 3, 35:
apud vexillum tendentes,
id. A. 1, 17:
trepidatur apud naves,
id. H. 2, 15:
hostis est non apud Anienem, sed in urbe,
Cic. Mur. 84; id. Fam. 2, 10, 5:
quam detraxerat apud rapidum Simoenta sub Ilio alto,
Verg. A. 5, 261:
apud abunaantem amnem et rapidas undas Inachi, Att., Trag. Rel. p. 175 Rib.: apud gelidi flumina Hebri,
Verg. A. 12, 331:
octo apud Rhenum legiones,
Tac. A. 1, 3:
apud ripam Rheni,
id. ib. 2, 83:
probavi te apud Aquam Contradictionis,
Vulg. Psa. 80, 8:
repertus apud fretum Siciliae,
Tac. A. 6, 14:
propitiata Juno apud proximum mare,
id. ib. 15, 44:
apud promunturium Miseni consedit in villa,
id. ib. 6, 50:
Ut aput nivem et ferarum gelida stabula forem, for in nive etc.,
Cat. 63, 53 Mull.:
apud altaria deum pepigere,
before, Tac. A. 11, 9:
decernuntur supplicationes apud omnia pulvinaria,
id. ib. 14, 12 (cf.:
unum diem circa omnia pulvinaria supplicatio fuit,
Liv. 41, 9):
apud Caesaris effigiem procubuit,
Tac. A. 12, 17; 13, 23:
quartum apud lapidem substiterat,
id. ib. 15, 60:
laudavit ipse apud rostra (for pro rostris),
Tac. A. 16, 6; so, apud forum (cf.: ad forum under ad, I. A. 3., and in Gr. Sophocl. Trach. 371, pros mesêi agorai;
on the other hand,
id. ib. 423, en mesêi agorai; id. ib. 524, têlaugei par ochthôi): Quidam apud forum mihi vendidit, Pomp., Com. Rel. p. 250 Rib.: Ch. Qui scis? By. Apud forum modo e Davo audivi, Ter. And. 2, 1, 2; 1, 5, 18:
Capuae multa apud forum aedificia de caelo tacta,
Liv. 41, 9 (Weissenb., in foro):
quod (templum) apud forum holitorium C. Duilius struxerat,
Tac. A. 2, 49.—
B.
At, in = in with abl. or gen. or abl. of place: CONSVLES SENATVM CONSOLVERVNT N. OCTOB. APVD AEDEM DVELONAI, S. C. de Bacch. I.; so,
ejus statuam majores apud aedem matris deum consecravisse,
Tac. A. 4, 64:
apud villam est,
Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 1; so Cic. Verr. 4, 22, 48:
Eum argentum sumpsisse apud Thebas ab danista fenore,
Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 67:
deponere apud Solos in delubro pecuniam,
Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40:
ut rationes apud duas civitates possim relinquere,
id. Att. 6, 7, 2: qui mense Aprili apud Baias essent, id. Fragm. B. 13, 4, 1 B. and K.;
13, 4, 4 iid.: seditio militum coepta apud Sucronem,
Liv. 28, 29:
donum apud Antium statuitur,
Tac. A. 3, 71:
bellis civilibus Maecenatem equestris ordinis cunctis apud Romam atque Italiam praeposuit,
id. ib. 6, 11:
Titus in consecrando apud Memphim bove Apide diadema gestavit,
Suet. Tit. 5:
quod Judaeam praeterveniens apud Hierosolymam non supplicasset,
id. Aug. 93:
apud Mediolanum,
Lact. Mort. Persec. 48:
eum pugionem apud Capitolium consecravit,
Tac. A. 15, 74:
Equitum Romanorum locos sedilibus plebis anteposuit apud Circum,
id. ib. 15, 32:
quae (effigies) apud theatrum Pompei locaretur,
id. ib. 3, 72:
qui (rei) apud aerarium pependissent,
Suet. Dom. 9 Roth:
cujus (scientiae) apiscendae otium apud Rhodum magistrum Thrasullum habuit,
Tac. A. 6, 20; 4, 14; so Suet. Aug. 92; Eutr. 7, 13:
ut civitati Cibyraticae apud Asiam subveniretur,
Tac. A. 4, 13; 4, 18; 16, 15:
apud Pharsaliam,
Liv. Epit. 111:
apud Palaestinam,
Eutr. 7, 13:
qui erant apud Helladam,
Vulg. 1 Macc. 8, 9. —
III.
Of time.
A.
With words denoting time or occasion, in, at (rare):
apud saeclum prius,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 15:
aliquem apud judicium persequi,
at the trial, Cic. Verr. 4, 104.—
B.
With words designating persons, with, among, in the time of:
hostis apud majores nostros is dicebatur, quem nunc etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 12, 36:
fecerunt hoc multi apud majores nostros,
id. Verr. 2, 118; 5, 148:
Fuit eodem ex studio vir eruditus apud patres nostros,
id. Mur. 36; id. Off. 2, 24, 85; id. Lael. 2, 6:
Apud antiquos fuit Petron quidam, Cels. praef. 3, 9: aliam apud Fabricios, aliam apud Scipiones pecuniam (fuisse),
Tac. A. 2, 33.—
IV.
For ad with words implying motion (very rare):
APVT EVM PERVENIRE,
Inscr. Grut. 786, 5:
atque apud hunc eo vicinum,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 70:
Bito apud aurificem,
Lucil. 30, 66 Mull.: apud legiones venit, Sall. Fragm. ap. Pomp. Commod. Don. p. 395 Lind.:
(naves) apud insulas longius sitas ejectae,
Tac. A. 2, 24:
qui apud Romanos de societate functus est legatione,
Vulg. 2 Macc. 4, 11.
► Apud has some peculiarities of position, chiefly in Tac.
(cf. ad, I. fin. b.)
a.
It is sometimes placed after its subst.:
quae fiunt apud fabros, fictores, item alios apud,
Varr. L. L. 6, 78, p. 104 Mull.:
Is locus est Cumas aput,
Lucr. 6, 747 Lachm.:
montem apud Erycum,
Tac. A. 4, 43:
ripam apud Euphratis,
id. ib. 6, 31:
Misenum apud et Ravennam,
id. ib. 4, 5 (in Suet. Dom. 9 the editt. vary between aerarium apud and apud aerarium; the latter seems preferable, and is adopted by Oudend., Bremi, Baumg.-Crus., and Roth).—
b.
It is sometimes placed between the subst. and adj.:
barbaras apud gentes,
Tac. A. 2, 88, 3, 26; 15, 60:
non modo Graecis in urbibus, sed Romana apud templa,
id. ib. 14, 14.—
c.
Twice in Verg. it stands before the secondary adjunct of its subst.:
apud durae moenia Trojae, A. 11, 288: apud gelidi flumina Hebri,
ib. 12, 331. Apud is never found in compound words. V. more on this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 405-416.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > apud
19 bene

bĕnĕ, adv. of manner and intensity [bonus; the first vowel assimilated to the e of the foll. syllable; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 2, 366], well ( comp. melius, better; sup. optime [v. bonus init. ], best; often to be rendered by more specific Engl. adverbs).
I.
As adjunct of verbs.
A.
In gen.
1.
Of physical or external goodness, usefulness, ornament, and comfort:
villam rusticam bene aedificatam habere expedit,
Cato, R. R. 3:
villam bonam beneque aedificatam,
Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:
quid est agrum bene colere? Bene arare,
Cato, R. R. 61:
agro bene culto nihil potest esse... uberius,
Cic. Sen. 16, 57:
ubi cocta erit bene,
Cato, R. R. 157; 3; 4;
32 et saep.: te auratam et vestitam bene,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 50: ornatus hic satis me condecet? Ps. Optume, it is very becoming, id. Ps. 4, 1, 26:
me bene curata cute vises,
well tended, Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 15:
bene olere,
Verg. E. 2, 48:
bene sonare,
Quint. 8, 3, 16:
neque tamen non inprimis bene habitavit,
in the very best style, Nep. Att. 13, 1:
a Catone cum quaereretur, quid maxime in re familiari expediret, respondet Bene pascere? Quid secundum? Satis bene pascere,
Cic. Off. 2, 25, 89: so,
bene cenare,
Cat. 13, 17; Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 56:
bene de rebus domesticis constitutum esse,
to be in good circumstances, Cic. Sest. 45, 97;
similarly: rem (i. e. familiarem) bene paratam comitate perdidit,
well arranged, Plaut. Rud. prol. 38.—
2.
With respect to the mind.
a.
Perception, knowledge, ability:
quas tam bene noverat quam paedagogos nostros novimus,
Sen. Ep. 27, 5:
quin melius novi quam te et vidi saepius,
Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 22:
novi optime (Bacchus) et saepe vidi,
Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 2:
qui optime suos nosse deberet,
Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1; id. S. 1, 9, 22: satin' haec meministi et tenes? Pa. Melius quam tu qui docuisti, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 2:
quod eo mihi melius cernere videor quo ab eo proprius absum,
Cic. Sen. 21, 77:
ut hic melius quam ipse illa scire videatur,
id. de Or. 1, 15, 66; id. Or. 38, 132:
cum Sophocles vel optime scripserit Electram suam,
id. Fin. 1, 2, 5:
gubernatoris ars quia bene navigandi rationem habet,
of able seamanship, id. ib. 1, 13, 42:
melius in Volscis imperatum est,
better generalship was displayed, Liv. 2, 63, 6:
nihil melius quam omnis mundus administratur,
Cic. Inv. 1, 34, 59: de medico bene existimari scribis, that he is well thought ( spoken) of, i. e. his ability, id. Fam. 16, 14, 1:
prudentibus et bene institutis,
well educated, id. Sen. 14, 50:
sapientibus et bene natura constitutis,
endowed with good natural talent, id. Sest. 65, 137:
quodsi melius geruntur ea quae consilio geruntur quam, etc.,
more ably, id. Inv. 1, 34, 59:
tabulas bene pictas collocare in bono lumine,
good paintings, id. Brut. 75, 261:
canere melius,
Verg. E. 9, 67; Quint. 10, 1, 91:
bene pronuntiare,
id. 11, 3, 12:
bene respondere interrogationibus,
id. 5, 7, 28; 6, 3, 81.—
b.
Of feeling, judgment, and will:
similis in utroque nostrum, cum optime sentiremus, error fuit,
when we had the best intentions, Cic. Fam. 4, 2, 3; so id. ib. 6, 4, 2; so,
bene sentire,
id. ib. 6, 1, 3; so,
bene, optime de re publica sentire,
to hold sound views on public affairs, id. Off. 1, 41, 149; id. Fam. 4, 14, 1; id. Phil. 3, 9, 23:
bene animatas eas (insulas) confirmavit,
well disposed, Nep. Cim. 2, 4:
ei causae quam Pompeius animatus melius quam paratus susceperat,
Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 10; so, optime animati, Varr. ap. Non. p. 201, 7:
quod bene cogitasti aliquando, laudo,
that you had good intentions, Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 34:
se vero bene sperare (i. e. de bello),
had good hopes, Liv. 6, 6, 18:
sperabis omnia optime,
Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 7:
tibi bene ex animo volo,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 6; so freq.: bene alicui velle, v. volo: bene aliquid consulere, to plan something well:
vigilando, agendo, bene consulendo prospera omnia cedunt,
Sall. C. 52, 29:
omnia non bene consulta,
id. J. 92, 2. —
c.
Of morality, honesty, honor, etc.
(α).
Bene vivere, or bene beateque vivere ( = kalôs kagathôs), to lead a moral and happy life:
qui virtutem habeat, eum nullius rei ad bene vivendum indigere,
Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93:
in dialectica vestra nullam esse ad melius vivendum vim,
id. Fin. 1, 19, 63:
quod ni ita accideret et melius et prudentius viveretur,
id. Sen. 19, 67; cf. id. Ac. 1, 4, 15; id. Fin. 1, 13, 45; id. Off. 1, 6, 19; id. Fam. 4, 3, 3 et saep. (for another meaning of bene vivere, cf. e. infra).—
(β).
Bene mori, to die honorably, bravely, creditably, gloriously:
qui se bene mori quam turpiter vivere maluit,
Liv. 22, 50, 7:
ne ferrum quidem ad bene moriendum oblaturus est hostis,
id. 9, 3, 3; so id. 21, 42, 4:
tum potui, Medea, mori bene,
Ov. H. 12, 5.—
(γ).
Bene partum, what is honestly, honorably earned or acquired:
multa bona bene parta habemus,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 65:
mei patris bene parta indiligenter Tutatur,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 5:
res familiaris primum bene parta sit, nullo neque turpi quaestu, neque odioso,
Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92:
diutine uti bene licet partum bene,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 15; Sall. C. 51, 42 (cf.:
mala parta,
Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 65:
male par tum,
Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 22).—
(δ).
Apud bonos bene agier, an old legal formula: bona fide agi (v. bonus), to be transacted in good faith among good men. ubi erit illa formula fiduciae ut inter bonos bene agier oportet? Cic. Fam. 7, 12, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 61; 3, 17, 70.—
(ε).
Non bene = male, not faithfully:
esse metus coepit ne jura jugalia conjunx Non bene servasset,
Ov. M. 7, 716.—
d.
Representing an action as right or correct, well, rightly, correctly: bene mones, Ibo, you are right ( to admonish me), Ter. And. 2, 2, 36:
sequi recusarunt bene monentem,
Liv. 22, 60, 17:
quom mihi et bene praecipitis, et, etc.,
since you give sound advice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 55; so Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 6; 3, 3, 80; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 372, 7:
bene enim majores accubitionem epularem amicorum convivium nominarunt, melius quam Graeci,
Cic. Sen. 13, 45:
hoc bene censuit Scaevola,
correctly, Dig. 17, 1, 48.—
e.
Pleasantly, satisfactorily, profitably, prosperously, fortunately, successfully:
nunc bene vivo et fortunate atque ut volo atque animo ut lubet,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 111:
nihil adferrent quo jucundius, id est melius, viveremus,
Cic. Fin. 1, 41, 72:
si bene qui cenat, bene vivit,
Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 56: quamobrem melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto, is better or more profitably invested, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:
perdenda sunt multa beneficia ut semel ponas bene, Sen. Ben. poet. 1, 2, 1: etiamsi nullum (beneficium) bene positurus sit,
id. ib. 1, 2, 2:
quando hoc bene successit,
Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 23: bene ambulatum'st? Di. Huc quidem, hercle, ad te bene, Quia tui vivendi copia'st, has your walk been pleasant? Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 18:
melius ominare,
use words of better omen, id. Rud. 2, 3, 7; Cic. Brut. 96, 329:
qui se suamque aetatem bene curant,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 36.—So, bene (se) habere: ut bene me haberem filiai nuptiis, have a good time at, etc., Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 2:
qui se bene habet suisque amicis usui est,
who enjoys his life and is a boon companion, id. Mil. 3, 1, 128:
nam hanc bene se habere aetatem nimio'st aequius,
id. Merc. 3, 2, 6: bene consulere alicui, to take good care for somebody ' s interests:
tuae rei bene consulere cupio,
id. Trin. 3, 2, 9:
ut qui mihi consultum optume velit esse,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 1:
me optime consulentem saluti suae,
Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 2:
qui se ad sapientes viros bene consulentes rei publicae contulerunt,
id. Off. 2, 13, 46.—So, bene mereri, and rarely bene merere, to deserve well of one, i. e. act for his advantage; absol. or with de:
addecet Bene me, renti bene referre gratiam,
Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 36:
Licinii aps te bene merenti male refertur gratia?
id. Ps. 1, 3, 86:
ut memorem in bene meritos animum praestarem,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10:
cogor nonnumquam homines non optime de me meritos rogatu eorum qui bene meriti sunt, defendere,
id. ib. 7, 1, 4:
tam bene meritis de nomine Punico militibus,
Liv. 23, 12, 5:
si bene quid de te merui,
Verg. A. 4, 317; cf. Cic. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; id. Sest. 1, 2; 12, 39; 66, 139; 68, 142; id. Mil. 36, 99; id. Phil. 2, 14, 36 et saep.; v. mereo, D. and P. a.—So esp. referring to price: bene emere, to buy advantageously, i. e. cheaply; bene vendere, to sell advantageously, i. e. at a high price: bene ego hercle vendidi te, Plaut. [p. 230] Durc. 4, 2, 34:
et quoniam vendat, velle quam optime vendere,
Cic. Off. 3, 12, 51:
ita nec ut emat melius, nec ut vendat quidquam, simulabit vir bonus,
id. ib. 3, 15, 61: vin' bene emere? Do. Vin' tu pulcre vendere? Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 38:
melius emetur,
Cato, R. R. 1: quo melius emptum sciatis, Cic. ap. Suet. Caes. 50 fin.:
qui vita bene credat emi honorem,
cheaply, Verg. A. 9, 206; Sil 4, 756.—
f.
Expressing kindness, thanks, etc.: bene facis, bene vocas, bene narras, I thank you, am obliged to you for doing, calling, saying (colloq.): merito amo te. Ph. Bene facis, thanks! Ter Eun. 1, 2, 106; cf.:
in consuetudinem venit, bene facis et fecisti non mdicantis esse, sed gratias agentis, Don. ad loc.' placet, bene facitis,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 43: dividuom talentum faciam. La. Bene facis, id. ib. 5, 3, 52: si quid erit dubium, immutabo Da. Bene fecisti, id. Ep. 5, 1, 40 Lo. Adeas, si velis. La. Bene hercle factum vobis habeo gratiam. Accedam propius, id. Rud. 3, 6, 2; Ter. Ad. 4, 3, 10.—With gratiam habere: bene fecisti;
gratiam habeo maximam,
Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 61; cf.
bene benigneque arbitror te facere,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 130: quin etiam Graecis licebit utare cum voles... Bene sane facis, sed enitar ut Latine loquar, I thank you for the permission, but, etc., Cic. Ac. 1, 7, 25: an exitum Cassi Maelique expectem? Bene facitis quod abominamini... sed, etc., I am much obliged to you for abhorring this, but, etc., Liv. 6, 18, 9: bene edepol narras; nam illi faveo virgini, thanks for telling me, for, etc., Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 7 (cf.:
male hercule narras,
I owe you little thanks for saying so, Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 10):
bene, ita me di ament, nuntias,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 20:
benenarras,
Cic. Att. 16, 14, 4; 13, 33, 2: tu ad matrem adi. Bene vocas; benigne dicis Cras apud te, thanks for your invitation, but, etc., Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 108: eamus intro ut prandeamus. Men. Bene vocas, tam gratia'st, id. Men. 2, 3, 41.—
g.
Of accuracy, etc., well, accurately, truly, completely:
cum ceterae partes aetatis bene descriptae sint,
Cic. Sen. 2, 5:
cui bene librato... Obstitit ramus,
Ov. M. 8, 409:
at bene si quaeras,
id. ib. 3, 141:
tibi comprimam linguam. Hau potes: Bene pudiceque adservatur,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 196:
bene dissimulare amorem,
entirely, Ter. And. 1, 1, 105:
quis enim bene celat amorem?
Ov. H. 12, 37.—So with a negation, = male restat parvam quod non bene compleat urnam, Ov. M. 12, 615: non bene conveniunt... Majestas et amor, id. ib 2, 846.—Redundant, with vix (Ovid.):
vix bene Castalio descenderat antro, Incustoditam lente videt ire juvencam ( = vix descenderat cum, etc.),
Ov. M. 3, 14:
tactum vix bene limen erat, Aesonides, dixi, quid agit meus?
id. H. 6, 24:
vix bene desieram, rettulit illa mihi,
id. F 5, 277.—
h.
Sup., most opportunely, at the nick of time (comic):
sed eccum meum gnatum optume video,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 57:
sed optume eccum exit senex,
id. Rud. 3, 3, 44. optume adveniens, puere, cape Chlamydem, etc., id. Merc. 5, 2, 69: Davum optume Video, Ter And. 2, 1, 35; 4, 2, 3; Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 25; 4, 5, 19; Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 66; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 9; 5, 5, 2.—
i.
Pregn.: bene polliceri = large polliceri, to make liberal promises ' praecepit ut ceteros adeant, bene polliceantur, Sall. C. 41, 5; cf.: bene promittere, to promise success:
quae autem inconstantia deorum ut primis minentur extis, bene promittant secundis?
Cic. Div. 2, 17, 38.—
B.
In partic.
1.
Bene dicere.
a.
To speak well, i. e. eloquently:
qui optime dicunt,
the most eloquent, Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 119; 2, 2, 5:
etiam bene dicere haud absurdum est,
Sall. C. 3, 1:
abunde dixit bene quisquis rei satisfecit,
Quint. 12, 9, 7;
cf: bene loqui,
to use good language, speak good Latin, Cic. Brut. 58, 212, 64, 228.—
b.
To speak ably:
multo oratorem melius quam ipsos illos quorum eae sint artes esse dicturum,
Cic. Or. 1, 15, 65; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 4. bene dicendi scientia, Quint. 7, 3, 12.—
c.
To speak correctly or elegantly:
eum et Attice dicere et optime, ut..bene dicere id sit, Attice dicere,
Cic. Opt. Gen. 4, 13 ' optime dicta, Quint. 10, 1, 19.—So, bene loqui:
ut esset perfecta illa bene loquendi laus,
Cic. Brut. 72, 252:
at loquitur pulchre. Num melius quam Plato?
id. Opt. Gen. 5, 16.—
d.
To speak well, i e. kindly, of one, to praise him; absol. or with dat., or reflex., with inter (less correctly as one word, benedicere): cui bene dixit umquam bono? Of what good man has he ever spoken well, or, what good man has he ever praised, Cic. Sest. 52, 110. bene, quaeso, inter vos dicatis, et amice absenti tamen, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 31.—Ironically:
bene equidem tibi dico qui te digna ut eveniant precor,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 26:
nec tibi cessaret doctus bene dicere lector,
Ov. Tr. 5, 9, 9: cui a viris bonis bene dicatur, Metell. Numid. ap. Gell. 6, 11, 3.— And dat understood:
si bene dicatis (i. e. mihi) vostra ripa vos sequar,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 18 ' omnes bene dicunt (ei), et amant (eum), Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 11:
ad bene dicendum (i e. alteri) delectandumque redacti,
Hor. Ep 2, 1, 155 —Part. ' indignis si male dicitur, male dictum id esse duco;
Verum si dignis dicitur, bene dictum'st,
is a praise, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 27 sq.: nec bene nec male dicta profuerunt ad confirmandos animos, Liv 23, 46, 1; cf. Ter. Phorm. prol. 20 infra. —Bene audio = bene dicitur mihi, I am praised:
bene dictis si certasset, audisset bene,
Ter. Phorm. prol. 20; v. audio, 5.—
e.
To use words of good omen (euphêmein): Ol. Quid si fors aliter quam voles evenerit? St. Bene dice, dis sum fretus ( = fave lingua, melius ominare), Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 38 heja, bene dicito, id. As. 3, 3, 155.—
f.
Bene dixisti, a formula of approbation: ne quan do iratus tu alio conferas. Th. Bene dixti, you are right, Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 61. bene et sapienter dixti dudum, etc., it was a good and wise remark of yours that, etc., id. Ad. 5, 8, 30.—
g.
Bene dicta, fine or specious, plausible words (opp. deeds):
bene dictis tuis bene facta aures meae expostulant,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 25; so,
bene loqui: male corde consultare, Bene lingua loqui,
use fine words, Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 16.—
2.
Bene facere.
a.
Bene aliquid facere, to do, make, something well, i. e. ably (v. I. A. 2. a. supra):
vel non facere quod non op time possis, vel facere quod non pessime facias,
Cic. Or. 2, 20, 86:
non tamen haec quia possunt bene aliquando fieri passim facienda sunt,
Quint. 4, 1, 70:
Jovem Phidias optime fecit,
id. 2, 3, 6; so, melius facere, Afran. ap. Macr. 6, 1.— P. a.:
quid labor aut bene facta juvant?
his labor and well-done works are no pleasure to him, Verg. G. 3, 525. —
b.
Bene facere, with dat. absol., with in and abl., or with erga, to do a good action, to benefit somebody, to impart benefits (less cor rectly as one word, benefacio)
(α).
With dat.:
bonus bonis bene feceris,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:
bene si amico feceris, ne pigeat fecisse,
id. Trin. 2, 2, 66:
malo bene facere tantumdem est periculum quantum bono male facere,
id. Poen. 3, 3, 20:
homini id quod tu facis bene,
id. Ep 1, 2, 33:
tibi lubens bene faxim,
Ter. Ad. 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 8; 5, 8, 25:
at tibi di semper... faciant bene,
may the gods bless you, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 32:
di tibi Bene faciant,
Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 20; so Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 18.— Pass.:
quod bonis bene fit beneficium,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 108:
pulchrum est bene facere reipublicae,
Sall. C. 3, 1:
ego ne ingratis quidem bene facere absistam,
Liv. 36, 35, 4.—Reflexively. sibi bene facere, enjoy one ' s self, have a good time, genio indulgere (v. I. A. 2. e. supra): nec quisquam est tam ingenio duro quin, ubi quidquam occasionis sit sibi faciat bene, Plaut. As. grex 5.—
(β).
With in and abl.:
quoniam bene quae in me fecerunt, ingrata ea habui,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 30.—
(γ).
With erga:
si quid amicum erga bene feci,
Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 4.—
(δ).
With ellipsis of dat., to impart benefits:
ingrata atque irrita esse omnia intellego Quae dedi et quod bene feci,
Plaut. As. 1, 2, 11:
quod bene fecisti, referetur gratia,
id. Capt. 5, 1, 20:
ego quod bene feci, male feci,
id. Ep. 1, 2, 34; id. Trin. 2, 2, 41:
si beneficia in rebus, non in ipsa benefaciendi voluntate consisterent,
Sen. Ben. 1, 7, 1:
benefaciendi animus,
id. ib. 2, 19, 1.—So esp. in formula of thanks, etc.' bene benigneque arbitror te facere, I thank you heartily, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 129: Jup. Jam nunc irata non es? Alc. Non sum. Jup. Bene facis, id. Am. 3, 2, 56; v Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 384.—P. a. as subst.: bĕnĕ facta, orum, n., benefits, benefactions (cf. beneficium): bene facta male locata male facta arbitror, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 2, 18, 62 (Trag. v 429 Vahl.): pol, bene facta tua me hortantur tuo ut imperio paream, Plaut Pers. 5, 2, 65: pro bene factis ejus uti ei pretium possim reddere. id. Capt. 5, 1, 20;
bene facta referre,
Claud. Laud. Stil. 3, 182 tenere, id. ib. 2, 42.—So freq. in eccl. writ ers:
et si bene feceritis his qui vobis bene faciunt,
Vulg. Luc. 6, 33:
bene facite his qui oderunt vos,
id. Matt. 5, 44.—
(ε).
Absol., to do good, perform meritorious acts (in fin. verb only eccl. Lat.)' discite bene facere, Vulg. Isa. 1, 17:
interrogo vos si licet sabbatis bene facere an male,
id. Luc. 6, 9:
qui bene facit, ex Deo est,
id. Joan. Ep. 3, 11.— In P a. (class.): bene facta (almost always in plur.), merits, meritorious acts, brave deeds:
bene facta recte facta sunt,
Cic. Par 3, 1, 22:
omnia bene facta in luce se collocari volunt,
id. Tusc. 2, 26, 64; id. Sen. 3, 9:
bene facta mea reipublicae procedunt,
Sall. J 85, 5, cf. id. C. 8, 5; id. H. Fragm. 1, 19: veteribus bene factis nova pensantes maleficia, Liv 37, 1, 2; cf. Quint. 3, 7, 13, 12, 1, 41; Prop. 2, 1, 24; Ov. M. 15, 850, Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 386.— Sing.: bene factum a vobis, dum vivitis non abscedet, Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1, 4.—
(ζ).
In medical language, to be of good effect, benefit, do good:
id bene faciet et alvum bonam faciet,
Cato, R. R. 157, 6.—So with ad: ad capitis dolorem bene facit serpyllum, Scrib Comp. 1; so id. ib. 5; 9; 13; 41.—
(η).
In the phrase bene facis, etc., as a formula of thanks, v I A. 2. f. supra.—
(θ).
Expressing joy, I am glad of it, I am glad that etc. (comic.) Da. Tua quae fuit Palaestra, ea filia inventa'st mea. La. Bene meher cule factum'st, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 9: bis tanto valeo quam valui prius. Ly. Bene hercle factum et gaudeo, id. Merc. 2, 2, 27; Ter And. 5, 6, 11; id. Hec. 5, 4, 17; id. Eun. 5, 8, 7:
bene factum et volup est hodie me his mulierculis Tetulisse auxilium,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 1, 1; Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 11; so, bene factum gaudeo: nam hic noster pater est Ant. Ita me Juppiter bene amet, benefac tum gaudeo, Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 47; Ter Phorm. 5, 6, 43; cf.: Me. Rex Creo vigiles nocturnos singulos semper locat. So. Bene facit, quia nos eramus peregri, tutatu'st domum, I am glad of it, etc., Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 19. bene fecit A. Silius qui transegerit: neque enim ei deesse volebam, et quid possem timebam, I am glad that A. Silius, etc., Cic. Att. 12, 24, 1.—
3.
With esse.
a.
Bene est, impers., it is well.
(α).
In the epistolary formula: si vales bene est; or, si vales bene est, (ego) valeo (abbrev. S.V.B.E.V.), Afran. ap Prisc. p 804 P; Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 1; 10, 34, 1; 4, 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 5, 7, 1; 5, 9, 1; 5, 10, 1; 10, 33, 1; 10, 14, 8; 10, 14, 11;
14, 14, 1, 14, 14, 16: si valetis gaudeo,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 41 —These formulas were obsolete at Seneca's time: mos antiquis fuit, usque ad meam servatus aetatem, primis epistulae verbis adicere: Si vales, bene est;
ego valeo,
Sen. Ep. 15, 1.—
(β).
= bene factum est (cf. I. 2. k. supra): oculis quoque etiam plus jam video quam prius: Ly. Bene est, Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 26: hic est intus filius apud nos tuus. De. Optume'st, id. ib. 5, 4, 49; Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 48, 5, 5, 3; id. Hec. 5, 4, 31.—
b.
Bene est alicui, impers., it is ( goes) well with one, one does well, is well off, enjoys himself, is happy: nam si curent, bene bonis sit, male malis, quod nunc abest, Enn ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 32, 79 (Trag. v. 355 Vahl.):
bona si esse veis, bene erit tibi,
Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 12:
quia illi, unde huc abvecta sum, malis bene esse solitum'st,
id. ib. 3, 1, 13:
qui neque tibi bene esse patere, et illis qui bus est invides,
id. Ps. 4, 7, 35 (so id. Trin. 2, 2, 71): num quippiam aluit me vis? De. Ut bene sit tibi, id Pers. 4, 8, 5; id. Poen. 4, 2, 90; Ter Phorm. 1, 2, 101: nemini nimium bene est, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 185 P.:
si non est, jurat bene solis esse maritis,
Hor. Ep 1, 1, 88:
nec tamen illis bene erit, quia non bono gaudent,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 11, 4: BENE SIT NOBIS, Inscr Orell. 4754; Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 95; 4, 2, 36; id. Curc. 4, 2, 31; id. Pers. 5, 2, 74; id. Stich. 5, 5, 12; id. Merc. 2, 2, 55; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 9.— Comp.: istas minas decem, qui me procurem dum melius sit mi, des. Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 40:
spero ex tuis litteris tibi melius esse,
that your health is better, Cic. Fam. 16, 22, 1; Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 1; Ter And. 2, 5, 16.—With dat. understood: patria est ubi cumque est bene (i. e. cuique), where one does well, there is his country, Poet. ap. Cic Tusc 5, 37, 108 (Trag. Rel. inc. p. 248 Rib). [p. 231] —With abl., to be well off in, to feast upon a thing:
ubi illi bene sit ligno, aqua calida, cibo, vestimentis,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 39:
at mihi bene erat, non piscibus, Sed pullo atque hoedo,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 120.—
c.
Bene sum = bene mihi est:
minore nusquam bene fui dispendio,
Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 20:
de eo (argento) nunc bene sunt tua virtute,
id. Truc. 4, 2, 28: dato qui bene sit;
ego ubi bene sit tibi locum lepidum dabo,
id. Bacch. 1, 1, 51:
scis bene esse si sit unde,
id. Capt. 4, 2, 70.—
4.
Bene habere.
a.
With subj. nom.
(α).
To enjoy, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. I. A. 2. e. supra.—
(β).
To be favorable, to favor:
bene habent tibi principia,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 82. —
(γ).
With se, to be well, well off. imperator se bene habet, it is well with, Sen. Ep. 24, 9; cf.:
si te bene habes,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 122 Brix ad loc.—
b.
Hoc bene habet, or bene habet, impers. ( = res se bene habet), it is well, matters stand well:
bene habet: jacta sunt fundamenta defensionis,
Cic. Mur. 6, 14:
bene habet: di pium movere bellum,
Liv. 8, 6, 4:
atque bene habet si a collega litatum est,
id. 8, 9, 1; Juv. 10, 72; Stat. Th. 11, 557.— So pers.: bene habemus nos, si in his spes est;
opinor, aliud agamus,
we are well off, Cic. Att. 2, 8, 1.—
5.
Bene agere, with cum and abl.
(α).
To treat one well:
bene egissent Athenienses cum Miltiade si, etc.,
Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3.—
(β).
Impers.: bene agitur cum aliquo, it goes well with one, he is fortunate:
bene dicat secum esse actum,
that he has come off well, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 2:
non tam bene cum rebus humanis agitur ut meliora pluribus placeant,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 1.— With ellipsis of cum and abl.:
si hinc non abeo intestatus, bene agitur pro noxia (sc. mecum),
Plaut. Mil. 5, 23.—
6.
Rem (negotium) bene gerere.
(α).
To administer well private or public affairs: multi suam rem bene gessere et publicam patria procul, Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. Rel. v. 295 Vahl.):
non ut multis bene gestae, sed, ut nemini, conservatae rei publicae,
Cic. Pis. 3, 6; so,
qui ordo bene gestae rei publicae testimonium multis, mihi uni conservatae dedit,
id. Phil. 2, 1, 2:
rem publicam,
id. Pis. 19, 45:
Apollini republica vestra bene gesta servataque... donum mittitote,
Liv. 23, 11, 3.—
(β).
To be successful, meet with success, acquit one ' s self well; usu. of war;
also of private affairs: bello extincto, re bene gesta, vobis gratis habeo, etc.,
Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 2:
quando bene gessi rem, volo hic in fano supplicare,
id. Curc. 4, 2, 41;
quasi re bene gesta,
Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 13:
rem te valde bene gessisse rumor erat,
that you had met with great success, Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 7; id. Planc. 25, 61:
conclamant omnes occasionem negotii bene gerendi amittendam non esse,
Caes. B. G. 5, 57:
haec cogitanti accidere visa est facultas bene rei gerendae,
id. ib. 7, 44:
res bello bene gestae,
success in war, Liv. 23, 12, 11:
laeti bene gestis corpora rebus Procurate,
Verg. A. 9, 157; cf. Cic. Planc. 25, 61; Liv. 1, 37, 6; 4, 47, 1; 8, 30, 5; 22, 25, 4; 23, 36, 2.—
7.
Bene vertere, in wishes.
(α).
With the rel. quod or quae res as subject, to turn out well; absol. or with dat.:
quae res tibi et gnatae tuae bene feliciterque vortat,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 58:
quod utrisque bene vertat,
Liv. 8, 5, 6:
quod bene verteret,
id. 3, 26, 9; cf. id. 3, 35, 8; 3, 62, 5; 7, 39, 10; v. verto; cf.:
quod bene eveniat,
Cato, R. R. 141.—
(β).
With di as subject:
di bene vortant,
may the gods let it turn out well, may the gods grant success, Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 5; cf. Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 10; id. Hec. 1, 2, 121; id. Phorm. 3, 3, 19; v. verte.—
8.
Bene, colloquially in leave-taking: bene ambula, walk well, i. e. have a pleasant walk! Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 166: De. Bene ambulato! Ly. Bene vale! id. Merc 2, 2, 55:
bene valete et vivite!
id. Mil. 4, 8, 30:
cives bene valete!
id. Merc. 5, 2, 25; cf. id. Ep. 5, 1, 40; id. Merc. 2, 4, 28; 5, 4, 65; id. Curc. 4, 2, 30; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 115; id. Hec. 1, 2, 122:
salvere jubeo te, mi Saturides, bene,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 35: LAGGE, FILI, BENE QVIESCAS, Sepulch. Inscr. Orell. p. 4755.—
9.
In invocations to the gods, often redundant (cf. bonus):
ita me Juppiter bene amet,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 47:
di te bene ament, Hegio,
id. Capt. 1, 2, 29:
ita me di bene ament,
Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 5, 2, 43; id. Hec. 2, 1, 9; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 13:
Jane pater uti te... bonas preces bene precatus siem,
Cato, R. R. 134: bene sponsis, beneque volueris in precatione augurali Messala augur ait significare spoponderis, volueris, Fest. p. 351 Mull. (p. 267 Lind.).—
10.
Elliptical expressions.
(α).
Bene, melius, optime, instead of bene, etc., dicit, dicis, or facit, facis, etc.:
bene Pericles (i.e. dixit),
Cic. Off. 1,40, 144:
bene (Philippus) ministrum et praebitorem,
id. ib. 2, 14, 53:
existimabatur bene, Latine (i. e. loqui),
id. Brut. 74, 259; so id. Sen. 14, 47:
at bene Areus,
Quint. 2, 15, 36; cf. id. 10, 1, 56:
nam ante Aristippus, et ille melius (i.e. hoc dixerat),
Cic. Fin. 1, 8, 26:
sed haec tu melius vel optime omnium (i.e. facies),
id. Fam. 4, 13, 7; id. Fin. 1, 18, 61; 1, 19, 63; id. Off. 3, 11, 49; id. Sen. 20, 73; id. Opt. Gen. 6, 18; Quint. 10, 3, 25; 10, 2, 24; 6, 1, 3; 9, 4, 23.—
(β).
In applauding answers' bene and optime, good! bravo! excellent! euge, euge! Perbene! Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 75: huc respice. Da. Optume! id. ib. 3, 4, 3; cf. id. Merc. 1, 2, 114; 5, 4, 16.—
(γ).
In drinking health, with acc. or dat., health to you, your health! bene vos! bene nos! bene te! bene me! bene nostram etiam Stephanium! Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 27; Tib 2, 1, 31: bene te, pater optime Caesar, etc.; Ov. F. 2, 637:
bene mihi, bene vobis, bene amicae meae!
Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 21; Ov.A.A. 1, 601.—
11.
Pregn., in ellipt. predicate: quod (imperium) si (ei) sui bene crediderint cives... credere et Latinos debere, if his own citizens did well to intrust the supreme power to him, etc., Liv. 1, 50, 5:
in Velia aedificent quibus melius quam P. Valerio creditur libertas,
to whom it will be safer to intrust liberty, id. 2, 7, 11:
melius peribimus quam sine alteris vestrum viduae aut orbae vivemus,
it will be better for us to perish, id. 1, 13, 3:
bene Arruntium morte usum,
that it was right for Arruntius to die, Tac. A. 6, 48; Liv. 2, 30, 6; Quint. 9, 4, 92; Tac. A. 2, 44.—
II.
Adv. of intensity, = valde, very, with adjj. and advv.
1.
With adjj.: bene tempestate serena, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 39, 82 (Ann. v. 517 Vahl.): foedus feri bene firmum, id. ap. Porphyr. ad Hor. C. 3, 24, 50 (Ann. v. 33 ib.); cf.:
bene firmus,
Cic. Fam. 16, 8, 1; id. Phil. 6, 7, 18:
bene robustus,
id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48:
bene morigerus fuit puer,
Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 13:
bene ergo ego hinc praedatus ibo,
id. Ps. 4, 7, 39:
bene lautum,
id. Rud. 3, 3, 39:
bene et naviter oportet esse impudentem,
Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 3:
id utrum Romano more locutus sit, bene nummatum te futurum, an, etc.,
id. ib. 7, 16, 3:
bene sanos,
id. Fin. 1, 16, 52; 1, 21, 71; Hor. S. 1, 3, 61; 1, 9, 44:
bene longinquos dolores,
Cic. Fin. 2, 29, 94:
sermonem bene longum,
id. Or. 2, 88, 361:
bene magna caterva,
id. Mur. 33, 69:
magna multitudo,
Hirt. B. Hisp. 4:
barbatus,
Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22:
fidum pectus,
Hor. C. 2, 12, 15:
cautus,
Ov. H. 1, 44:
multa,
Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 15: multi, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam 10, 33, 4:
homo optime dives,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 23, 2.—
2.
With advv.: bene saepe libenter, Enn. Ann. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4 (Ann. v. 239 Vahl.); cf.:
bene libenter victitas,
Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 44:
bene mane haec scripsi,
Cic. Att. 4, 9, 2; 4, 10, 16:
bene penitus,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 169:
bene longe,
Hirt. B. Hisp. 25:
bene gnaviter,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 1 (28), 5.—With adverb. phrase:
siad te bene ante lucem venisset,
Cic. Or. 2, 64, 259.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > bene
20 bene facta

bĕnĕ, adv. of manner and intensity [bonus; the first vowel assimilated to the e of the foll. syllable; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 2, 366], well ( comp. melius, better; sup. optime [v. bonus init. ], best; often to be rendered by more specific Engl. adverbs).
I.
As adjunct of verbs.
A.
In gen.
1.
Of physical or external goodness, usefulness, ornament, and comfort:
villam rusticam bene aedificatam habere expedit,
Cato, R. R. 3:
villam bonam beneque aedificatam,
Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:
quid est agrum bene colere? Bene arare,
Cato, R. R. 61:
agro bene culto nihil potest esse... uberius,
Cic. Sen. 16, 57:
ubi cocta erit bene,
Cato, R. R. 157; 3; 4;
32 et saep.: te auratam et vestitam bene,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 50: ornatus hic satis me condecet? Ps. Optume, it is very becoming, id. Ps. 4, 1, 26:
me bene curata cute vises,
well tended, Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 15:
bene olere,
Verg. E. 2, 48:
bene sonare,
Quint. 8, 3, 16:
neque tamen non inprimis bene habitavit,
in the very best style, Nep. Att. 13, 1:
a Catone cum quaereretur, quid maxime in re familiari expediret, respondet Bene pascere? Quid secundum? Satis bene pascere,
Cic. Off. 2, 25, 89: so,
bene cenare,
Cat. 13, 17; Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 56:
bene de rebus domesticis constitutum esse,
to be in good circumstances, Cic. Sest. 45, 97;
similarly: rem (i. e. familiarem) bene paratam comitate perdidit,
well arranged, Plaut. Rud. prol. 38.—
2.
With respect to the mind.
a.
Perception, knowledge, ability:
quas tam bene noverat quam paedagogos nostros novimus,
Sen. Ep. 27, 5:
quin melius novi quam te et vidi saepius,
Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 22:
novi optime (Bacchus) et saepe vidi,
Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 2:
qui optime suos nosse deberet,
Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1; id. S. 1, 9, 22: satin' haec meministi et tenes? Pa. Melius quam tu qui docuisti, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 2:
quod eo mihi melius cernere videor quo ab eo proprius absum,
Cic. Sen. 21, 77:
ut hic melius quam ipse illa scire videatur,
id. de Or. 1, 15, 66; id. Or. 38, 132:
cum Sophocles vel optime scripserit Electram suam,
id. Fin. 1, 2, 5:
gubernatoris ars quia bene navigandi rationem habet,
of able seamanship, id. ib. 1, 13, 42:
melius in Volscis imperatum est,
better generalship was displayed, Liv. 2, 63, 6:
nihil melius quam omnis mundus administratur,
Cic. Inv. 1, 34, 59: de medico bene existimari scribis, that he is well thought ( spoken) of, i. e. his ability, id. Fam. 16, 14, 1:
prudentibus et bene institutis,
well educated, id. Sen. 14, 50:
sapientibus et bene natura constitutis,
endowed with good natural talent, id. Sest. 65, 137:
quodsi melius geruntur ea quae consilio geruntur quam, etc.,
more ably, id. Inv. 1, 34, 59:
tabulas bene pictas collocare in bono lumine,
good paintings, id. Brut. 75, 261:
canere melius,
Verg. E. 9, 67; Quint. 10, 1, 91:
bene pronuntiare,
id. 11, 3, 12:
bene respondere interrogationibus,
id. 5, 7, 28; 6, 3, 81.—
b.
Of feeling, judgment, and will:
similis in utroque nostrum, cum optime sentiremus, error fuit,
when we had the best intentions, Cic. Fam. 4, 2, 3; so id. ib. 6, 4, 2; so,
bene sentire,
id. ib. 6, 1, 3; so,
bene, optime de re publica sentire,
to hold sound views on public affairs, id. Off. 1, 41, 149; id. Fam. 4, 14, 1; id. Phil. 3, 9, 23:
bene animatas eas (insulas) confirmavit,
well disposed, Nep. Cim. 2, 4:
ei causae quam Pompeius animatus melius quam paratus susceperat,
Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 10; so, optime animati, Varr. ap. Non. p. 201, 7:
quod bene cogitasti aliquando, laudo,
that you had good intentions, Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 34:
se vero bene sperare (i. e. de bello),
had good hopes, Liv. 6, 6, 18:
sperabis omnia optime,
Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 7:
tibi bene ex animo volo,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 6; so freq.: bene alicui velle, v. volo: bene aliquid consulere, to plan something well:
vigilando, agendo, bene consulendo prospera omnia cedunt,
Sall. C. 52, 29:
omnia non bene consulta,
id. J. 92, 2. —
c.
Of morality, honesty, honor, etc.
(α).
Bene vivere, or bene beateque vivere ( = kalôs kagathôs), to lead a moral and happy life:
qui virtutem habeat, eum nullius rei ad bene vivendum indigere,
Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93:
in dialectica vestra nullam esse ad melius vivendum vim,
id. Fin. 1, 19, 63:
quod ni ita accideret et melius et prudentius viveretur,
id. Sen. 19, 67; cf. id. Ac. 1, 4, 15; id. Fin. 1, 13, 45; id. Off. 1, 6, 19; id. Fam. 4, 3, 3 et saep. (for another meaning of bene vivere, cf. e. infra).—
(β).
Bene mori, to die honorably, bravely, creditably, gloriously:
qui se bene mori quam turpiter vivere maluit,
Liv. 22, 50, 7:
ne ferrum quidem ad bene moriendum oblaturus est hostis,
id. 9, 3, 3; so id. 21, 42, 4:
tum potui, Medea, mori bene,
Ov. H. 12, 5.—
(γ).
Bene partum, what is honestly, honorably earned or acquired:
multa bona bene parta habemus,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 65:
mei patris bene parta indiligenter Tutatur,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 5:
res familiaris primum bene parta sit, nullo neque turpi quaestu, neque odioso,
Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92:
diutine uti bene licet partum bene,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 15; Sall. C. 51, 42 (cf.:
mala parta,
Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 65:
male par tum,
Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 22).—
(δ).
Apud bonos bene agier, an old legal formula: bona fide agi (v. bonus), to be transacted in good faith among good men. ubi erit illa formula fiduciae ut inter bonos bene agier oportet? Cic. Fam. 7, 12, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 61; 3, 17, 70.—
(ε).
Non bene = male, not faithfully:
esse metus coepit ne jura jugalia conjunx Non bene servasset,
Ov. M. 7, 716.—
d.
Representing an action as right or correct, well, rightly, correctly: bene mones, Ibo, you are right ( to admonish me), Ter. And. 2, 2, 36:
sequi recusarunt bene monentem,
Liv. 22, 60, 17:
quom mihi et bene praecipitis, et, etc.,
since you give sound advice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 55; so Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 6; 3, 3, 80; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 372, 7:
bene enim majores accubitionem epularem amicorum convivium nominarunt, melius quam Graeci,
Cic. Sen. 13, 45:
hoc bene censuit Scaevola,
correctly, Dig. 17, 1, 48.—
e.
Pleasantly, satisfactorily, profitably, prosperously, fortunately, successfully:
nunc bene vivo et fortunate atque ut volo atque animo ut lubet,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 111:
nihil adferrent quo jucundius, id est melius, viveremus,
Cic. Fin. 1, 41, 72:
si bene qui cenat, bene vivit,
Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 56: quamobrem melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto, is better or more profitably invested, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:
perdenda sunt multa beneficia ut semel ponas bene, Sen. Ben. poet. 1, 2, 1: etiamsi nullum (beneficium) bene positurus sit,
id. ib. 1, 2, 2:
quando hoc bene successit,
Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 23: bene ambulatum'st? Di. Huc quidem, hercle, ad te bene, Quia tui vivendi copia'st, has your walk been pleasant? Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 18:
melius ominare,
use words of better omen, id. Rud. 2, 3, 7; Cic. Brut. 96, 329:
qui se suamque aetatem bene curant,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 36.—So, bene (se) habere: ut bene me haberem filiai nuptiis, have a good time at, etc., Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 2:
qui se bene habet suisque amicis usui est,
who enjoys his life and is a boon companion, id. Mil. 3, 1, 128:
nam hanc bene se habere aetatem nimio'st aequius,
id. Merc. 3, 2, 6: bene consulere alicui, to take good care for somebody ' s interests:
tuae rei bene consulere cupio,
id. Trin. 3, 2, 9:
ut qui mihi consultum optume velit esse,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 1:
me optime consulentem saluti suae,
Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 2:
qui se ad sapientes viros bene consulentes rei publicae contulerunt,
id. Off. 2, 13, 46.—So, bene mereri, and rarely bene merere, to deserve well of one, i. e. act for his advantage; absol. or with de:
addecet Bene me, renti bene referre gratiam,
Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 36:
Licinii aps te bene merenti male refertur gratia?
id. Ps. 1, 3, 86:
ut memorem in bene meritos animum praestarem,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10:
cogor nonnumquam homines non optime de me meritos rogatu eorum qui bene meriti sunt, defendere,
id. ib. 7, 1, 4:
tam bene meritis de nomine Punico militibus,
Liv. 23, 12, 5:
si bene quid de te merui,
Verg. A. 4, 317; cf. Cic. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; id. Sest. 1, 2; 12, 39; 66, 139; 68, 142; id. Mil. 36, 99; id. Phil. 2, 14, 36 et saep.; v. mereo, D. and P. a.—So esp. referring to price: bene emere, to buy advantageously, i. e. cheaply; bene vendere, to sell advantageously, i. e. at a high price: bene ego hercle vendidi te, Plaut. [p. 230] Durc. 4, 2, 34:
et quoniam vendat, velle quam optime vendere,
Cic. Off. 3, 12, 51:
ita nec ut emat melius, nec ut vendat quidquam, simulabit vir bonus,
id. ib. 3, 15, 61: vin' bene emere? Do. Vin' tu pulcre vendere? Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 38:
melius emetur,
Cato, R. R. 1: quo melius emptum sciatis, Cic. ap. Suet. Caes. 50 fin.:
qui vita bene credat emi honorem,
cheaply, Verg. A. 9, 206; Sil 4, 756.—
f.
Expressing kindness, thanks, etc.: bene facis, bene vocas, bene narras, I thank you, am obliged to you for doing, calling, saying (colloq.): merito amo te. Ph. Bene facis, thanks! Ter Eun. 1, 2, 106; cf.:
in consuetudinem venit, bene facis et fecisti non mdicantis esse, sed gratias agentis, Don. ad loc.' placet, bene facitis,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 43: dividuom talentum faciam. La. Bene facis, id. ib. 5, 3, 52: si quid erit dubium, immutabo Da. Bene fecisti, id. Ep. 5, 1, 40 Lo. Adeas, si velis. La. Bene hercle factum vobis habeo gratiam. Accedam propius, id. Rud. 3, 6, 2; Ter. Ad. 4, 3, 10.—With gratiam habere: bene fecisti;
gratiam habeo maximam,
Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 61; cf.
bene benigneque arbitror te facere,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 130: quin etiam Graecis licebit utare cum voles... Bene sane facis, sed enitar ut Latine loquar, I thank you for the permission, but, etc., Cic. Ac. 1, 7, 25: an exitum Cassi Maelique expectem? Bene facitis quod abominamini... sed, etc., I am much obliged to you for abhorring this, but, etc., Liv. 6, 18, 9: bene edepol narras; nam illi faveo virgini, thanks for telling me, for, etc., Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 7 (cf.:
male hercule narras,
I owe you little thanks for saying so, Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 10):
bene, ita me di ament, nuntias,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 20:
benenarras,
Cic. Att. 16, 14, 4; 13, 33, 2: tu ad matrem adi. Bene vocas; benigne dicis Cras apud te, thanks for your invitation, but, etc., Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 108: eamus intro ut prandeamus. Men. Bene vocas, tam gratia'st, id. Men. 2, 3, 41.—
g.
Of accuracy, etc., well, accurately, truly, completely:
cum ceterae partes aetatis bene descriptae sint,
Cic. Sen. 2, 5:
cui bene librato... Obstitit ramus,
Ov. M. 8, 409:
at bene si quaeras,
id. ib. 3, 141:
tibi comprimam linguam. Hau potes: Bene pudiceque adservatur,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 196:
bene dissimulare amorem,
entirely, Ter. And. 1, 1, 105:
quis enim bene celat amorem?
Ov. H. 12, 37.—So with a negation, = male restat parvam quod non bene compleat urnam, Ov. M. 12, 615: non bene conveniunt... Majestas et amor, id. ib 2, 846.—Redundant, with vix (Ovid.):
vix bene Castalio descenderat antro, Incustoditam lente videt ire juvencam ( = vix descenderat cum, etc.),
Ov. M. 3, 14:
tactum vix bene limen erat, Aesonides, dixi, quid agit meus?
id. H. 6, 24:
vix bene desieram, rettulit illa mihi,
id. F 5, 277.—
h.
Sup., most opportunely, at the nick of time (comic):
sed eccum meum gnatum optume video,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 57:
sed optume eccum exit senex,
id. Rud. 3, 3, 44. optume adveniens, puere, cape Chlamydem, etc., id. Merc. 5, 2, 69: Davum optume Video, Ter And. 2, 1, 35; 4, 2, 3; Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 25; 4, 5, 19; Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 66; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 9; 5, 5, 2.—
i.
Pregn.: bene polliceri = large polliceri, to make liberal promises ' praecepit ut ceteros adeant, bene polliceantur, Sall. C. 41, 5; cf.: bene promittere, to promise success:
quae autem inconstantia deorum ut primis minentur extis, bene promittant secundis?
Cic. Div. 2, 17, 38.—
B.
In partic.
1.
Bene dicere.
a.
To speak well, i. e. eloquently:
qui optime dicunt,
the most eloquent, Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 119; 2, 2, 5:
etiam bene dicere haud absurdum est,
Sall. C. 3, 1:
abunde dixit bene quisquis rei satisfecit,
Quint. 12, 9, 7;
cf: bene loqui,
to use good language, speak good Latin, Cic. Brut. 58, 212, 64, 228.—
b.
To speak ably:
multo oratorem melius quam ipsos illos quorum eae sint artes esse dicturum,
Cic. Or. 1, 15, 65; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 4. bene dicendi scientia, Quint. 7, 3, 12.—
c.
To speak correctly or elegantly:
eum et Attice dicere et optime, ut..bene dicere id sit, Attice dicere,
Cic. Opt. Gen. 4, 13 ' optime dicta, Quint. 10, 1, 19.—So, bene loqui:
ut esset perfecta illa bene loquendi laus,
Cic. Brut. 72, 252:
at loquitur pulchre. Num melius quam Plato?
id. Opt. Gen. 5, 16.—
d.
To speak well, i e. kindly, of one, to praise him; absol. or with dat., or reflex., with inter (less correctly as one word, benedicere): cui bene dixit umquam bono? Of what good man has he ever spoken well, or, what good man has he ever praised, Cic. Sest. 52, 110. bene, quaeso, inter vos dicatis, et amice absenti tamen, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 31.—Ironically:
bene equidem tibi dico qui te digna ut eveniant precor,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 26:
nec tibi cessaret doctus bene dicere lector,
Ov. Tr. 5, 9, 9: cui a viris bonis bene dicatur, Metell. Numid. ap. Gell. 6, 11, 3.— And dat understood:
si bene dicatis (i. e. mihi) vostra ripa vos sequar,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 18 ' omnes bene dicunt (ei), et amant (eum), Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 11:
ad bene dicendum (i e. alteri) delectandumque redacti,
Hor. Ep 2, 1, 155 —Part. ' indignis si male dicitur, male dictum id esse duco;
Verum si dignis dicitur, bene dictum'st,
is a praise, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 27 sq.: nec bene nec male dicta profuerunt ad confirmandos animos, Liv 23, 46, 1; cf. Ter. Phorm. prol. 20 infra. —Bene audio = bene dicitur mihi, I am praised:
bene dictis si certasset, audisset bene,
Ter. Phorm. prol. 20; v. audio, 5.—
e.
To use words of good omen (euphêmein): Ol. Quid si fors aliter quam voles evenerit? St. Bene dice, dis sum fretus ( = fave lingua, melius ominare), Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 38 heja, bene dicito, id. As. 3, 3, 155.—
f.
Bene dixisti, a formula of approbation: ne quan do iratus tu alio conferas. Th. Bene dixti, you are right, Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 61. bene et sapienter dixti dudum, etc., it was a good and wise remark of yours that, etc., id. Ad. 5, 8, 30.—
g.
Bene dicta, fine or specious, plausible words (opp. deeds):
bene dictis tuis bene facta aures meae expostulant,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 25; so,
bene loqui: male corde consultare, Bene lingua loqui,
use fine words, Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 16.—
2.
Bene facere.
a.
Bene aliquid facere, to do, make, something well, i. e. ably (v. I. A. 2. a. supra):
vel non facere quod non op time possis, vel facere quod non pessime facias,
Cic. Or. 2, 20, 86:
non tamen haec quia possunt bene aliquando fieri passim facienda sunt,
Quint. 4, 1, 70:
Jovem Phidias optime fecit,
id. 2, 3, 6; so, melius facere, Afran. ap. Macr. 6, 1.— P. a.:
quid labor aut bene facta juvant?
his labor and well-done works are no pleasure to him, Verg. G. 3, 525. —
b.
Bene facere, with dat. absol., with in and abl., or with erga, to do a good action, to benefit somebody, to impart benefits (less cor rectly as one word, benefacio)
(α).
With dat.:
bonus bonis bene feceris,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:
bene si amico feceris, ne pigeat fecisse,
id. Trin. 2, 2, 66:
malo bene facere tantumdem est periculum quantum bono male facere,
id. Poen. 3, 3, 20:
homini id quod tu facis bene,
id. Ep 1, 2, 33:
tibi lubens bene faxim,
Ter. Ad. 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 8; 5, 8, 25:
at tibi di semper... faciant bene,
may the gods bless you, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 32:
di tibi Bene faciant,
Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 20; so Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 18.— Pass.:
quod bonis bene fit beneficium,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 108:
pulchrum est bene facere reipublicae,
Sall. C. 3, 1:
ego ne ingratis quidem bene facere absistam,
Liv. 36, 35, 4.—Reflexively. sibi bene facere, enjoy one ' s self, have a good time, genio indulgere (v. I. A. 2. e. supra): nec quisquam est tam ingenio duro quin, ubi quidquam occasionis sit sibi faciat bene, Plaut. As. grex 5.—
(β).
With in and abl.:
quoniam bene quae in me fecerunt, ingrata ea habui,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 30.—
(γ).
With erga:
si quid amicum erga bene feci,
Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 4.—
(δ).
With ellipsis of dat., to impart benefits:
ingrata atque irrita esse omnia intellego Quae dedi et quod bene feci,
Plaut. As. 1, 2, 11:
quod bene fecisti, referetur gratia,
id. Capt. 5, 1, 20:
ego quod bene feci, male feci,
id. Ep. 1, 2, 34; id. Trin. 2, 2, 41:
si beneficia in rebus, non in ipsa benefaciendi voluntate consisterent,
Sen. Ben. 1, 7, 1:
benefaciendi animus,
id. ib. 2, 19, 1.—So esp. in formula of thanks, etc.' bene benigneque arbitror te facere, I thank you heartily, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 129: Jup. Jam nunc irata non es? Alc. Non sum. Jup. Bene facis, id. Am. 3, 2, 56; v Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 384.—P. a. as subst.: bĕnĕ facta, orum, n., benefits, benefactions (cf. beneficium): bene facta male locata male facta arbitror, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 2, 18, 62 (Trag. v 429 Vahl.): pol, bene facta tua me hortantur tuo ut imperio paream, Plaut Pers. 5, 2, 65: pro bene factis ejus uti ei pretium possim reddere. id. Capt. 5, 1, 20;
bene facta referre,
Claud. Laud. Stil. 3, 182 tenere, id. ib. 2, 42.—So freq. in eccl. writ ers:
et si bene feceritis his qui vobis bene faciunt,
Vulg. Luc. 6, 33:
bene facite his qui oderunt vos,
id. Matt. 5, 44.—
(ε).
Absol., to do good, perform meritorious acts (in fin. verb only eccl. Lat.)' discite bene facere, Vulg. Isa. 1, 17:
interrogo vos si licet sabbatis bene facere an male,
id. Luc. 6, 9:
qui bene facit, ex Deo est,
id. Joan. Ep. 3, 11.— In P a. (class.): bene facta (almost always in plur.), merits, meritorious acts, brave deeds:
bene facta recte facta sunt,
Cic. Par 3, 1, 22:
omnia bene facta in luce se collocari volunt,
id. Tusc. 2, 26, 64; id. Sen. 3, 9:
bene facta mea reipublicae procedunt,
Sall. J 85, 5, cf. id. C. 8, 5; id. H. Fragm. 1, 19: veteribus bene factis nova pensantes maleficia, Liv 37, 1, 2; cf. Quint. 3, 7, 13, 12, 1, 41; Prop. 2, 1, 24; Ov. M. 15, 850, Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 386.— Sing.: bene factum a vobis, dum vivitis non abscedet, Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1, 4.—
(ζ).
In medical language, to be of good effect, benefit, do good:
id bene faciet et alvum bonam faciet,
Cato, R. R. 157, 6.—So with ad: ad capitis dolorem bene facit serpyllum, Scrib Comp. 1; so id. ib. 5; 9; 13; 41.—
(η).
In the phrase bene facis, etc., as a formula of thanks, v I A. 2. f. supra.—
(θ).
Expressing joy, I am glad of it, I am glad that etc. (comic.) Da. Tua quae fuit Palaestra, ea filia inventa'st mea. La. Bene meher cule factum'st, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 9: bis tanto valeo quam valui prius. Ly. Bene hercle factum et gaudeo, id. Merc. 2, 2, 27; Ter And. 5, 6, 11; id. Hec. 5, 4, 17; id. Eun. 5, 8, 7:
bene factum et volup est hodie me his mulierculis Tetulisse auxilium,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 1, 1; Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 11; so, bene factum gaudeo: nam hic noster pater est Ant. Ita me Juppiter bene amet, benefac tum gaudeo, Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 47; Ter Phorm. 5, 6, 43; cf.: Me. Rex Creo vigiles nocturnos singulos semper locat. So. Bene facit, quia nos eramus peregri, tutatu'st domum, I am glad of it, etc., Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 19. bene fecit A. Silius qui transegerit: neque enim ei deesse volebam, et quid possem timebam, I am glad that A. Silius, etc., Cic. Att. 12, 24, 1.—
3.
With esse.
a.
Bene est, impers., it is well.
(α).
In the epistolary formula: si vales bene est; or, si vales bene est, (ego) valeo (abbrev. S.V.B.E.V.), Afran. ap Prisc. p 804 P; Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 1; 10, 34, 1; 4, 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 5, 7, 1; 5, 9, 1; 5, 10, 1; 10, 33, 1; 10, 14, 8; 10, 14, 11;
14, 14, 1, 14, 14, 16: si valetis gaudeo,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 41 —These formulas were obsolete at Seneca's time: mos antiquis fuit, usque ad meam servatus aetatem, primis epistulae verbis adicere: Si vales, bene est;
ego valeo,
Sen. Ep. 15, 1.—
(β).
= bene factum est (cf. I. 2. k. supra): oculis quoque etiam plus jam video quam prius: Ly. Bene est, Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 26: hic est intus filius apud nos tuus. De. Optume'st, id. ib. 5, 4, 49; Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 48, 5, 5, 3; id. Hec. 5, 4, 31.—
b.
Bene est alicui, impers., it is ( goes) well with one, one does well, is well off, enjoys himself, is happy: nam si curent, bene bonis sit, male malis, quod nunc abest, Enn ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 32, 79 (Trag. v. 355 Vahl.):
bona si esse veis, bene erit tibi,
Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 12:
quia illi, unde huc abvecta sum, malis bene esse solitum'st,
id. ib. 3, 1, 13:
qui neque tibi bene esse patere, et illis qui bus est invides,
id. Ps. 4, 7, 35 (so id. Trin. 2, 2, 71): num quippiam aluit me vis? De. Ut bene sit tibi, id Pers. 4, 8, 5; id. Poen. 4, 2, 90; Ter Phorm. 1, 2, 101: nemini nimium bene est, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 185 P.:
si non est, jurat bene solis esse maritis,
Hor. Ep 1, 1, 88:
nec tamen illis bene erit, quia non bono gaudent,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 11, 4: BENE SIT NOBIS, Inscr Orell. 4754; Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 95; 4, 2, 36; id. Curc. 4, 2, 31; id. Pers. 5, 2, 74; id. Stich. 5, 5, 12; id. Merc. 2, 2, 55; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 9.— Comp.: istas minas decem, qui me procurem dum melius sit mi, des. Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 40:
spero ex tuis litteris tibi melius esse,
that your health is better, Cic. Fam. 16, 22, 1; Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 1; Ter And. 2, 5, 16.—With dat. understood: patria est ubi cumque est bene (i. e. cuique), where one does well, there is his country, Poet. ap. Cic Tusc 5, 37, 108 (Trag. Rel. inc. p. 248 Rib). [p. 231] —With abl., to be well off in, to feast upon a thing:
ubi illi bene sit ligno, aqua calida, cibo, vestimentis,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 39:
at mihi bene erat, non piscibus, Sed pullo atque hoedo,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 120.—
c.
Bene sum = bene mihi est:
minore nusquam bene fui dispendio,
Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 20:
de eo (argento) nunc bene sunt tua virtute,
id. Truc. 4, 2, 28: dato qui bene sit;
ego ubi bene sit tibi locum lepidum dabo,
id. Bacch. 1, 1, 51:
scis bene esse si sit unde,
id. Capt. 4, 2, 70.—
4.
Bene habere.
a.
With subj. nom.
(α).
To enjoy, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. I. A. 2. e. supra.—
(β).
To be favorable, to favor:
bene habent tibi principia,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 82. —
(γ).
With se, to be well, well off. imperator se bene habet, it is well with, Sen. Ep. 24, 9; cf.:
si te bene habes,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 122 Brix ad loc.—
b.
Hoc bene habet, or bene habet, impers. ( = res se bene habet), it is well, matters stand well:
bene habet: jacta sunt fundamenta defensionis,
Cic. Mur. 6, 14:
bene habet: di pium movere bellum,
Liv. 8, 6, 4:
atque bene habet si a collega litatum est,
id. 8, 9, 1; Juv. 10, 72; Stat. Th. 11, 557.— So pers.: bene habemus nos, si in his spes est;
opinor, aliud agamus,
we are well off, Cic. Att. 2, 8, 1.—
5.
Bene agere, with cum and abl.
(α).
To treat one well:
bene egissent Athenienses cum Miltiade si, etc.,
Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3.—
(β).
Impers.: bene agitur cum aliquo, it goes well with one, he is fortunate:
bene dicat secum esse actum,
that he has come off well, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 2:
non tam bene cum rebus humanis agitur ut meliora pluribus placeant,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 1.— With ellipsis of cum and abl.:
si hinc non abeo intestatus, bene agitur pro noxia (sc. mecum),
Plaut. Mil. 5, 23.—
6.
Rem (negotium) bene gerere.
(α).
To administer well private or public affairs: multi suam rem bene gessere et publicam patria procul, Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. Rel. v. 295 Vahl.):
non ut multis bene gestae, sed, ut nemini, conservatae rei publicae,
Cic. Pis. 3, 6; so,
qui ordo bene gestae rei publicae testimonium multis, mihi uni conservatae dedit,
id. Phil. 2, 1, 2:
rem publicam,
id. Pis. 19, 45:
Apollini republica vestra bene gesta servataque... donum mittitote,
Liv. 23, 11, 3.—
(β).
To be successful, meet with success, acquit one ' s self well; usu. of war;
also of private affairs: bello extincto, re bene gesta, vobis gratis habeo, etc.,
Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 2:
quando bene gessi rem, volo hic in fano supplicare,
id. Curc. 4, 2, 41;
quasi re bene gesta,
Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 13:
rem te valde bene gessisse rumor erat,
that you had met with great success, Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 7; id. Planc. 25, 61:
conclamant omnes occasionem negotii bene gerendi amittendam non esse,
Caes. B. G. 5, 57:
haec cogitanti accidere visa est facultas bene rei gerendae,
id. ib. 7, 44:
res bello bene gestae,
success in war, Liv. 23, 12, 11:
laeti bene gestis corpora rebus Procurate,
Verg. A. 9, 157; cf. Cic. Planc. 25, 61; Liv. 1, 37, 6; 4, 47, 1; 8, 30, 5; 22, 25, 4; 23, 36, 2.—
7.
Bene vertere, in wishes.
(α).
With the rel. quod or quae res as subject, to turn out well; absol. or with dat.:
quae res tibi et gnatae tuae bene feliciterque vortat,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 58:
quod utrisque bene vertat,
Liv. 8, 5, 6:
quod bene verteret,
id. 3, 26, 9; cf. id. 3, 35, 8; 3, 62, 5; 7, 39, 10; v. verto; cf.:
quod bene eveniat,
Cato, R. R. 141.—
(β).
With di as subject:
di bene vortant,
may the gods let it turn out well, may the gods grant success, Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 5; cf. Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 10; id. Hec. 1, 2, 121; id. Phorm. 3, 3, 19; v. verte.—
8.
Bene, colloquially in leave-taking: bene ambula, walk well, i. e. have a pleasant walk! Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 166: De. Bene ambulato! Ly. Bene vale! id. Merc 2, 2, 55:
bene valete et vivite!
id. Mil. 4, 8, 30:
cives bene valete!
id. Merc. 5, 2, 25; cf. id. Ep. 5, 1, 40; id. Merc. 2, 4, 28; 5, 4, 65; id. Curc. 4, 2, 30; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 115; id. Hec. 1, 2, 122:
salvere jubeo te, mi Saturides, bene,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 35: LAGGE, FILI, BENE QVIESCAS, Sepulch. Inscr. Orell. p. 4755.—
9.
In invocations to the gods, often redundant (cf. bonus):
ita me Juppiter bene amet,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 47:
di te bene ament, Hegio,
id. Capt. 1, 2, 29:
ita me di bene ament,
Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 5, 2, 43; id. Hec. 2, 1, 9; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 13:
Jane pater uti te... bonas preces bene precatus siem,
Cato, R. R. 134: bene sponsis, beneque volueris in precatione augurali Messala augur ait significare spoponderis, volueris, Fest. p. 351 Mull. (p. 267 Lind.).—
10.
Elliptical expressions.
(α).
Bene, melius, optime, instead of bene, etc., dicit, dicis, or facit, facis, etc.:
bene Pericles (i.e. dixit),
Cic. Off. 1,40, 144:
bene (Philippus) ministrum et praebitorem,
id. ib. 2, 14, 53:
existimabatur bene, Latine (i. e. loqui),
id. Brut. 74, 259; so id. Sen. 14, 47:
at bene Areus,
Quint. 2, 15, 36; cf. id. 10, 1, 56:
nam ante Aristippus, et ille melius (i.e. hoc dixerat),
Cic. Fin. 1, 8, 26:
sed haec tu melius vel optime omnium (i.e. facies),
id. Fam. 4, 13, 7; id. Fin. 1, 18, 61; 1, 19, 63; id. Off. 3, 11, 49; id. Sen. 20, 73; id. Opt. Gen. 6, 18; Quint. 10, 3, 25; 10, 2, 24; 6, 1, 3; 9, 4, 23.—
(β).
In applauding answers' bene and optime, good! bravo! excellent! euge, euge! Perbene! Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 75: huc respice. Da. Optume! id. ib. 3, 4, 3; cf. id. Merc. 1, 2, 114; 5, 4, 16.—
(γ).
In drinking health, with acc. or dat., health to you, your health! bene vos! bene nos! bene te! bene me! bene nostram etiam Stephanium! Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 27; Tib 2, 1, 31: bene te, pater optime Caesar, etc.; Ov. F. 2, 637:
bene mihi, bene vobis, bene amicae meae!
Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 21; Ov.A.A. 1, 601.—
11.
Pregn., in ellipt. predicate: quod (imperium) si (ei) sui bene crediderint cives... credere et Latinos debere, if his own citizens did well to intrust the supreme power to him, etc., Liv. 1, 50, 5:
in Velia aedificent quibus melius quam P. Valerio creditur libertas,
to whom it will be safer to intrust liberty, id. 2, 7, 11:
melius peribimus quam sine alteris vestrum viduae aut orbae vivemus,
it will be better for us to perish, id. 1, 13, 3:
bene Arruntium morte usum,
that it was right for Arruntius to die, Tac. A. 6, 48; Liv. 2, 30, 6; Quint. 9, 4, 92; Tac. A. 2, 44.—
II.
Adv. of intensity, = valde, very, with adjj. and advv.
1.
With adjj.: bene tempestate serena, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 39, 82 (Ann. v. 517 Vahl.): foedus feri bene firmum, id. ap. Porphyr. ad Hor. C. 3, 24, 50 (Ann. v. 33 ib.); cf.:
bene firmus,
Cic. Fam. 16, 8, 1; id. Phil. 6, 7, 18:
bene robustus,
id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48:
bene morigerus fuit puer,
Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 13:
bene ergo ego hinc praedatus ibo,
id. Ps. 4, 7, 39:
bene lautum,
id. Rud. 3, 3, 39:
bene et naviter oportet esse impudentem,
Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 3:
id utrum Romano more locutus sit, bene nummatum te futurum, an, etc.,
id. ib. 7, 16, 3:
bene sanos,
id. Fin. 1, 16, 52; 1, 21, 71; Hor. S. 1, 3, 61; 1, 9, 44:
bene longinquos dolores,
Cic. Fin. 2, 29, 94:
sermonem bene longum,
id. Or. 2, 88, 361:
bene magna caterva,
id. Mur. 33, 69:
magna multitudo,
Hirt. B. Hisp. 4:
barbatus,
Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22:
fidum pectus,
Hor. C. 2, 12, 15:
cautus,
Ov. H. 1, 44:
multa,
Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 15: multi, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam 10, 33, 4:
homo optime dives,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 23, 2.—
2.
With advv.: bene saepe libenter, Enn. Ann. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4 (Ann. v. 239 Vahl.); cf.:
bene libenter victitas,
Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 44:
bene mane haec scripsi,
Cic. Att. 4, 9, 2; 4, 10, 16:
bene penitus,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 169:
bene longe,
Hirt. B. Hisp. 25:
bene gnaviter,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 1 (28), 5.—With adverb. phrase:
siad te bene ante lucem venisset,
Cic. Or. 2, 64, 259.

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